Case reportInconclusiveLimited evidenceTier 3 · early humann = 1
IJU case reports · Jul 2026 · case report
endometrial carcinomaupper tract urothelial carcinoma (differential)
This is a single-patient case report of a 64-year-old woman whose ureteral mass and malignant urine cytology were initially suspected to be upper tract urothelial carcinoma. After nephroureterectomy, histopathology and PAX8 immunohistochemistry indicated the ureteral lesion was metastatic endometrial adenocarcinoma, and the patient was staged as IVB endometrial carcinoma.
Key findings
- Contrast-enhanced CT showed hydronephrosis and a left ureteral mass suggestive of upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC).
- Urine cytology showed malignant cells, but ureteroscopy was inconclusive.
- Simultaneous surgery including nephroureterectomy was performed because UTUC would affect management and prognosis.
- Histopathology revealed ureteral adenocarcinoma morphologically similar to endometrial carcinoma.
- Immunohistochemical staining was PAX8 positive, supporting the diagnosis of metastatic endometrial carcinoma.
- Final diagnosis was stage IVB endometrial carcinoma.
Limitations: Single case report (n=1) limits generalizability.; No preoperative tissue diagnosis of the ureteral lesion was obtained (ureteroscopy inconclusive).; No follow-up outcomes or treatments after diagnosis are reported in the abstract.; No quantitative data or comparative analysis..
AI summary of the abstract, human-reviewed · Jul 2026. Describes what this study reported, not medical advice. View on PubMed · Full text
ReviewMechanismMixed resultsModerate evidenceTier 4 · clinical
Frontiers in immunology · May 2026
endometrial carcinoma
This review used bioinformatics and cross-study analyses to screen immune-related biomarkers and prognostic models in the tumor microenvironment of endometrial carcinoma. The authors report five immune-related markers and two gene families that were repeatedly found across studies, validate their clinical prognostic significance, and summarize implicated oncogenic signaling pathways and functions of infiltrating immune cells.
Key findings
- Performed a systematic bioinformatics cross-study screen of biomarkers and prognostic models related to immune infiltration in endometrial carcinoma.
- Identified five immune-related markers and two gene families that were consistently reported across multiple studies.
- Reported validation of the clinical prognostic significance of those markers (as stated in the abstract).
- Summarized oncogenic signaling pathways in which the markers are involved.
- Summarized functional implications of immune-infiltrating cells for tumor behavior to guide target identification and future immunopharmacological research.
Limitations: This is a review/synthesis and does not present new primary experimental data.; Methods and selection criteria for the bioinformatics screening and cross-study analysis are not detailed in the abstract, so risk of heterogeneity or selection bias across studies is possible.; Although the abstract states clinical prognostic validation, no sample sizes, cohorts, or validation methods are reported here.; Functional/mechanistic proposals appear to be inferred from existing studies and bioinformatics rather than demonstrated experimentally in this report..
AI summary of the abstract, human-reviewed · Jun 2026. Describes what this study reported, not medical advice. View on PubMed · Full text
Human · observationalMechanismReported positiveLimited evidenceTier 3 · early humann = 25
International journal of gynecological cancer : official journal of the International Gynecological Cancer Society · Jan 2026 · case series with centralized pathology review
endometrial carcinomaovarian endometrioid carcinoma
The authors reviewed 25 patients with synchronous endometrial and ovarian endometrioid carcinomas and compared staging under the FIGO 2009 versus FIGO 2023 classifications with centralized pathology review. Applying FIGO 2023 (and ESGO risk stratification) changed stage in 5 patients (20%), with 2 downstaged and 3 upstaged; among 11 patients with disease limited to uterus and ovaries, 5 met stage IA3 and none recurred, including 2 managed with surgery alone. The authors conclude FIGO 2023 IA3 can improve risk stratification, particularly for low-grade, ER-positive tumors with favorable molecular profiles, but note issues about adequate staging surgery and ovarian grading criteria.
Reported effects: stage_shifts 20%, n=25 · downstaged_count 2, n=25 · +4 more
Key findings
- Study cohort comprised 25 patients with concurrent endometrial and ovarian tumors.
- Applying FIGO 2023 classification and ESGO risk stratification led to stage shifts in 5 patients (20%): 2 were downstaged and 3 were upstaged.
- Among 11 patients whose disease was limited to the uterus and ovaries, 5 met criteria for stage IA3 and none experienced recurrence; this group included 2 patients managed with surgery alone.
- FIGO 2023 stage IA3 classification enables more precise risk stratification, particularly in low-grade, estrogen receptor-positive tumors with favorable molecular profiles (POLE-mutated or p53 wild-type / non-specific molecular profile).
- The new classification raises operational issues: the need for appropriate staging surgery and debate about the optimal grading system for ovarian endometrioid carcinoma.
Limitations: Small sample size (25 patients).; Observational case-series design with potential selection bias.; Follow-up duration and timing of recurrence assessment are not reported in the abstract.; Low event counts (no recurrences reported) limit strength of outcome conclusions.; Generalizability limited by small cohort and lack of multi-center data in the abstract..
AI summary of the abstract, human-reviewed · Sep 2026. Describes what this study reported, not medical advice. View on PubMed
Case reportInconclusiveLimited evidenceTier 3 · early humann = 1
Journal of ultrasound · Nov 2025 · case report
uterine serous carcinomaendometrial cancer arising in adenomyosisendometrial carcinoma
This is a case report of a 55-year-old postmenopausal woman who was found to have uterine serous carcinoma arising in adenomyosis. Imaging (CT and ultrasound) showed pelvic cystic masses and a 50 × 36 mm subserous cystic-solid uterine mass that was initially misdiagnosed as a degenerating fibroid; postoperative histopathology established the diagnosis. The authors note that a de novo cystic area in adenomyosis in postmenopausal women may suggest malignant transformation and emphasize ultrasound as the first imaging choice for gynecological masses.
Reported effects: CA125 44.86, n=1 · tumor_size, n=1
Key findings
- A 55-year-old postmenopausal woman presented with anorexia, weight loss and mild abdominal pain; pelvic CT showed cystic masses.
- Serum CA125 was 44.86 u/ml.
- Transvaginal/transabdominal ultrasound detected a 50 × 36 mm subserous cystic-solid mass that was misdiagnosed preoperatively as a subserous uterine fibroid with cystic degeneration.
- Postoperative histopathological diagnosis was uterine serous carcinoma arising from adenomyosis.
- Authors suggest that a de novo cystic area in adenomyosis in postmenopausal women may indicate malignant transformation and present ultrasound images to raise diagnostic awareness.
Limitations: Single case report (n=1), so findings are not generalizable.; No control or comparison group.; Abstract provides limited pathological, immunohistochemical, and follow-up details.; Imaging features described may be nonspecific and susceptible to misdiagnosis.; No data on prevalence, diagnostic performance metrics, or outcomes beyond the single case..
AI summary of the abstract, human-reviewed · Sep 2026. Describes what this study reported, not medical advice. View on PubMed
Human · observationalMechanismMixed resultsLimited evidenceTier 3 · early human
Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology Canada : JOGC = Journal d'obstetrique et gynecologie du Canada : JOGC · Nov 2025 · digital survey of gynaecologic pathologists
endometrial carcinoma
The authors administered a digital survey to gynecologic pathologists at 13 Canadian academic pathology departments to assess use of molecular classification for endometrial carcinoma. They found variability in how molecular classification is applied and that respondents perceived resource restrictions and unclear management implications as barriers. The paper recommends focused research, knowledge translation, and guideline development to improve consistent implementation. The abstract also notes that ongoing clinical trials are investigating treatment paradigms and therapy de-escalation based on molecular classification.
Key findings
- Molecular classification of endometrial carcinoma provides prognostic and predictive information.
- Ongoing clinical trials are investigating different treatment paradigms and therapy de-escalation informed by molecular classification.
- There is variability in the application of molecular classification worldwide, including in Canada.
- A digital survey of gynecologic pathologists in 13 Canadian academic pathology departments identified areas of homogeneity and variability in practice.
- Perceived barriers to universal application included resource restrictions and ambiguity of management implications.
- Authors propose focused research, knowledge translation, and guideline development to facilitate more consistent implementation.
Limitations: Survey-based study with no respondent count or response rate reported in abstract (potential nonresponse/selection bias).; Limited to academic pathology departments in Canada (limited generalizability).; Findings based on perceptions/self-report rather than objective measures of practice or patient outcomes.; Abstract provides no quantitative results or statistical analysis..
AI summary of the abstract, human-reviewed · Aug 2026. Describes what this study reported, not medical advice. View on PubMed
Case reportMechanismInconclusiveLimited evidenceTier 3 · early humann = 3
Human pathology · Oct 2025 · case series
endometrial carcinomaendometrioid carcinomapilomatrix-like high-grade endometrioid carcinoma (PiMHEC)
The authors report three human cases of high-grade endometrioid carcinoma with pilomatrix-like features (PiMHEC) that lacked CTNNB1 exon 3 mutations and nuclear β-catenin by IHC. All tumors had characteristic pilomatrix-like morphology, presented at advanced stage, showed aggressive clinical behavior (two recurrences within 12 months), and targeted NGS identified alternative likely oncogenic alterations including FGFR4 p.T259A, TSC2 mutations, KRAS p.G12D, and MYC amplification.
Reported effects: number_of_cases 3, n=3 · patients_presenting_with_advanced_stage_disease 3, n=3 · +6 more
Key findings
- Three cases of high-grade endometrioid carcinoma with pilomatrix-like features were analyzed.
- All tumors demonstrated two components: a high-grade basaloid component with solid sheets of atypical basaloid cells, geographic necrosis, and focal "ghost" cells, and an associated low-grade FIGO grade 1 endometrioid carcinoma component.
- None of the three cases showed nuclear β-catenin expression by IHC, and all lacked CTNNB1 exon 3 mutations.
- All the patients presented with advanced-stage disease (stages IIC-IVB).
- Two patients had a recurrence within 12 months.
- NGS revealed no CTNNB1 mutations, but identified alternative likely oncogenic alterations: one tumor harbored an FGFR4 p. T259A mutation, two tumors had pathogenic TSC2 mutations, one had a KRAS p.G12D mutation, and two showed MYC amplification.
Limitations: Very small sample size (n=3) and single case-series design.; Case reports are descriptive and cannot establish causal relationships between identified mutations and the PiMHEC phenotype.; No functional validation provided to show that the alternative oncogenic alterations drive the pilomatrix-like phenotype.; Limited follow-up data reported (recurrence noted within 12 months for two patients), limiting assessment of long-term outcomes and prognostic significance..
AI summary of the abstract, human-reviewed · Jun 2026. Describes what this study reported, not medical advice. View on PubMed
Animal studyReported positivePreclinical onlyTier 2 · animaln = 72
Gynecologic oncology · Jun 2025 · archival tissue analysis plus patient-derived organoid and xenograft preclinical study
This study looked at TROP2 levels in uterine carcinosarcoma samples and tested the TROP2-targeting antibody-drug conjugate sacituzumab govitecan in patient-derived organoid and xenograft models. Most tumors had detectable TROP2, and the organoid models responded to the drug in a dose-dependent way. In two xenograft models, tumor volume was lower with sacituzumab govitecan than without it.
Reported effects: TROP2 expression in primary UCSs 90%, n=72 · Higher TROP2 expression by histologic subtype, p p < 0.001 and p = 0.022, n=72 · +2 more
Key findings
- TROP2 protein and mRNA were detected in at least 90% of primary uterine carcinosarcomas.
- Tumors with a predominant carcinomatous component or homologous differentiation had higher TROP2 expression than those with predominant sarcomatous component or heterologous differentiation.
- All 9 uterine carcinosarcoma organoid models responded in a dose-dependent manner to sacituzumab govitecan.
- Both xenograft models showed significant reduction in tumor volume with sacituzumab govitecan.
Limitations: Preclinical study; findings are from archival tissues, organoids, and mouse xenografts, not patients.; Only 2 xenograft models were tested.; No clinical outcomes, safety data, or survival data in humans were reported.; The abstract does not provide dosing details or treatment duration..
Supports preclinical exploration of TROP2-targeted therapy in uterine carcinosarcoma.
AI summary of the abstract, human-reviewed · Jun 2026. Describes what this study reported, not medical advice. View on PubMed · Full text