Animal studyReported positivePreclinical onlyTier 2 · animal
Nature communications · Aug 2025 · xenograft antitumor assays
neuroblastomarhabdomyosarcomacolorectal carcinomamelanomaovarian carcinomabreast carcinoma
This study tested a humanized antibody-drug conjugate called CDX0239-PBD in ALK-expressing cancer models. In cell lines, it was taken up by ALK-positive neuroblastoma cells and killed them in a way that depended on surface ALK expression. In mouse xenograft models, it produced strong antitumor activity and complete responses were maintained in several ALK-expressing cancers.
Key findings
- ALK RNA, protein, and tumor cell surface expression was elevated in multiple pediatric and adult malignancies with minimal expression in childhood normal tissues.
- CDX0239-PBD was internalized in ALK-expressing neuroblastoma cell lines with cell surface expression-dependent cytotoxicity.
- CDX0239-PBD exhibited potent antitumor efficacy including maintained complete responses in ALK-expressing patient and cell line-derived neuroblastoma, fusion-positive rhabdomyosarcoma, and colorectal carcinoma xenograft models.
Limitations: Preclinical study only; no human treatment data are reported in the abstract.; Efficacy was shown in cell lines and xenograft mouse models, which may not predict clinical benefit.; No quantitative effect sizes, dosing details, or toxicity results are provided in the abstract..
The abstract describes a preclinical anticancer antibody-drug conjugate targeting ALK-expressing tumors.
AI summary of the abstract, human-reviewed · Jun 2026. Describes what this study reported, not medical advice. View on PubMed · Full text
Human · observationalSupportive careMixed resultsModerate evidenceTier 3 · early humann = 267586
Journal of the National Cancer Institute · Aug 2025 · prospective cohort study
Supportive carecervical cancerHodgkin lymphomaprostate cancerbreast cancercolorectal cancerlung cancerendometrial canceroral cavity and pharynx cancerkidney cancerovarian cancersarcomamelanomaleukemia
Researchers followed participants in three large prospective cohorts for up to 36 years to examine whether a cancer diagnosis was associated with later atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). They documented 4,334 new ASCVD events among 49,603 incident cancer cases and found that cervical cancer and Hodgkin lymphoma were associated with higher ASCVD risk, prostate cancer with slightly lower risk, and that ASCVD risk trajectories over time varied by cancer type (for example, breast cancer survivors had lower ASCVD risk for the first 7.5 years, then risk increased).
Reported effects: new-onset ASCVD events among incident cancer cases 4334, n=49603 · cervical cancer HR 1.56 [1.06–2.29] · +6 more
Key findings
- During up to 36 years of follow-up, 4,334 new-onset ASCVD events among 49,603 incident cancer cases were documented.
- Cervical cancer was associated with increased ASCVD incidence (HR = 1.56, 95% CI = 1.06 to 2.29).
- Hodgkin lymphoma was associated with increased ASCVD incidence (HR = 2.80, 95% CI = 1.89 to 4.15).
- Prostate cancer was associated with lower ASCVD incidence (HR = 0.91, 95% CI = 0.85 to 0.97).
- Breast cancer survivors experienced lower ASCVD risk during the first 7.5 years after diagnosis, but risk gradually increased afterward (Pnonlinearity = .01).
- ASCVD risk increased over time among patients with cancers of the colorectum (P = .003), lung (P = .002), and endometrium (P = .04).
- No statistically significant association with ASCVD risk was observed for cancers of the oral cavity and pharynx, kidney, or ovary; sarcoma; melanoma; or leukemia.
Limitations: Observational cohort design cannot establish causality.; Potential for residual confounding despite multivariable adjustment.; Cohorts consist of nurses and health professionals, which may limit generalizability to other populations.; Abstract does not report details on cancer stage or treatments, which could influence ASCVD risk..
AI summary of the abstract, human-reviewed · Jun 2026. Describes what this study reported, not medical advice. View on PubMed · Full text
ReviewInconclusivePreclinical onlyTier 4 · clinical
Cell death discovery · Jul 2025
melanoma
This is a review summarizing recent studies on how metabolic reprogramming supports melanoma growth, proliferation, metastasis, and resistance to therapy. It discusses metabolic pathways involved in melanoma progression and considers targeting these pathways alone or combined with existing therapeutic inhibitors as a potential strategy.
Studied with: established therapeutic inhibitors.
Key findings
- Melanoma exhibits metabolic reprogramming that supports energy production, biosynthesis, tumor progression, and therapy resistance.
- The review summarizes recent studies elucidating metabolic pathways involved in melanoma progression, therapeutic response, and resistance.
- The authors discuss potential of targeting metabolic pathways, alone or in combination with established therapeutic inhibitors, to block melanoma progression.
Limitations: Review article with no original experimental or clinical data reported.; Abstract does not state systematic-review methods or provide search strategy, so selection bias is possible.; Conclusions are narrative and may be speculative without new experimental validation presented in this paper..
AI summary of the abstract, human-reviewed · Jun 2026. Describes what this study reported, not medical advice. View on PubMed · Full text
ReviewReported positiveLimited evidenceTier 4 · clinical
Dermatologic clinics · Jul 2025 · narrative review
metastatic melanomabrain metastases
This narrative review summarizes how radiation therapy (RT) is being used in metastatic melanoma and how its role has evolved. The authors describe RT's value for local control, palliation, and management of brain metastases, and discuss emerging evidence of synergy between RT and immune checkpoint inhibitors, including the abscopal effect.
Studied with: immune checkpoint inhibitors.
Key findings
- Metastatic melanoma is aggressive with a low 5-year survival rate of 27%.
- Melanoma was historically considered radioresistant, but responses to radiation therapy have evolved, particularly when combined with systemic therapies such as immune checkpoint inhibitors.
- Radiation therapy is now recognized for utility in local control, palliative care, and management of brain metastases in metastatic melanoma.
- Emerging evidence indicates synergy between radiation therapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors, with mechanisms such as the abscopal effect under investigation.
Limitations: This is a review article and does not present original trial data.; Abstract provides no details on radiation doses, schedules, or specific clinical trial results.; Evidence for synergy with immune checkpoint inhibitors is described as emerging, indicating limited or early-stage data.; The abstract does not state this is a systematic review or meta-analysis, so the review methodology and comprehensiveness are unclear..
Discusses the clinical role of radiation therapy in metastatic melanoma and its integration with immune checkpoint inhibitors.
AI summary of the abstract, human-reviewed · Jun 2026. Describes what this study reported, not medical advice. View on PubMed
ReviewReported positiveLimited evidenceTier 3 · early human
Clinics in dermatology · May 2025 · review
primary dermal melanomamelanomaskin neoplasms
This review summarizes primary dermal melanoma (PDM), a rare (<1%) melanoma subtype that occurs entirely in the dermis or subcutis and lacks connection to the epidermis. It emphasizes that PDM can histologically mimic cutaneous melanoma metastasis, explains that careful history, exam, and imaging are needed to exclude other primaries, and notes that PDM is associated with an unexpectedly favorable prognosis.
Reported effect: estimated incidence
Key findings
- Primary dermal melanoma (PDM) is a rare subtype of melanoma with an estimated incidence of <1%.
- PDM manifests entirely in the dermis or subcutis and histopathologically mimics cutaneous melanoma metastasis due to its lack of connection to the overlying epidermis.
- A thorough history and examination, including imaging evaluation for metastatic disease, reveals no prior history or concurrent primary cutaneous or metastatic melanoma lesion.
- Despite its histopathologic similarities to melanoma metastasis, PDM is associated with an unexpectedly favorable prognosis.
- The review discusses the clinical and histopathologic features of PDM as a distinct subtype of melanoma, as well as the current approach to clinical staging and management.
Limitations: Narrative review rather than a systematic review or meta-analysis (no primary data reported in abstract).; PDM is rare (<1%), so the evidence base is likely limited by small numbers and case series.; Histopathologic similarity to metastatic melanoma may complicate diagnosis and classification in published reports..
AI summary of the abstract, human-reviewed · Jun 2026. Describes what this study reported, not medical advice. View on PubMed
ReviewInconclusiveLimited evidenceTier 4 · clinical
Cancers · Apr 2025
uveal melanoma
This is a review article titled "Current Treatment of Uveal Melanoma" that discusses treatments for uveal melanoma. The provided abstract text is incomplete and does not report specific interventions, results, or conclusions.
Limitations: Provided abstract is incomplete/truncated and contains no detailed results.; Review article — no original experimental or clinical trial data reported in the abstract.; No specific treatments, doses, outcomes, or quantitative results are stated in the provided text.; Unable to assess study design, population, or funding from the abstract..
AI summary of the abstract, human-reviewed · Jun 2026. Describes what this study reported, not medical advice. View on PubMed · Full text
ReviewInconclusiveLimited evidenceTier 4 · clinical
Seminars in perinatology · Mar 2025
cutaneous melanomamelanoma
This narrative review summarizes published literature on cutaneous melanoma diagnosed during pregnancy. The authors report that pregnancy does not appear to worsen maternal melanoma outcomes and, except for rare placental or fetal metastases, melanoma usually does not cause major obstetric or fetal complications. They note that localized melanoma is managed according to general population guidelines, while advanced melanoma in pregnancy is challenging because of limited research and lack of unified management recommendations.
Key findings
- Cutaneous melanoma is the most common malignancy in women of childbearing age and accounts for nearly one-third of malignancies diagnosed during gestation.
- Based on available literature, pregnancy does not seem to worsen maternal outcomes from melanoma.
- Aside from placental and fetal metastases, melanoma does not seem to cause serious obstetric or fetal complications.
- Treatment of localized melanoma during pregnancy follows guidelines for the general population.
- Advanced melanoma in pregnancy poses unique challenges due to lack of unifying research and management recommendations.
- The review highlights diagnostic clinical pearls and multidisciplinary management considerations for melanoma in the child-bearing population.
Limitations: Narrative review with no primary data reported in this article.; Abstract states pathophysiology during pregnancy is not well understood, indicating knowledge gaps.; Authors note a lack of unifying research and management recommendations for advanced melanoma in pregnancy, implying limited high-quality evidence..
AI summary of the abstract, human-reviewed · Jun 2026. Describes what this study reported, not medical advice. View on PubMed
Case reportInconclusiveLimited evidenceTier 3 · early humann = 1
Journal of Brown hospital medicine · Jul 2024
cutaneous melanoma
This single-patient case report describes a young man who was admitted with sepsis and cellulitis and was incidentally found to have invasive cutaneous melanoma. The authors emphasize that recognizing melanoma is important to ensure timely diagnosis and treatment.
Key findings
- A young man admitted to the hospital with sepsis and cellulitis was incidentally found to have invasive cutaneous melanoma.
- The authors state that recognition of melanoma is important to ensure timely diagnosis and treatment.
Limitations: Single case report (n=1) limits generalizability; Abstract provides no systematic data, outcomes, or follow-up information; No control or comparison group; No details on management, staging, or prognosis in the abstract.
AI summary of the abstract, human-reviewed · Jun 2026. Describes what this study reported, not medical advice. View on PubMed · Full text