ReviewReported positivePreclinical onlyTier 1 · lab
Molecular biology reports · May 2026 · narrative review
Genisteinbreast cancerovarian cancerprostate cancergliomaneuroblastomahepatocellular carcinomalung cancerbladder cancerosteosarcomarhabdomyosarcoma This is a narrative review of the biological activities and potential therapeutic roles of soy isoflavones (including genistein and daidzein). The authors summarize proposed anticancer mechanisms (estrogen receptor modulation, apoptosis, anti-angiogenesis, epigenetic effects, etc.) and report that in vitro and in vivo studies have shown promising results across a range of tumor types. They conclude that further research—especially studies combining isoflavones with established chemotherapeutics—is needed.
Studied with: chemotherapeutic agents.
Key findings
- Soy isoflavones (genistein, daidzein) have estrogenic and non-estrogenic activities including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory effects.
- Proposed anticancer mechanisms include modulation of estrogen receptors, copper ion-dependent induction of cell death, promotion of apoptosis, inhibition of angiogenesis and metastasis, regulation of epigenetic processes, and effects on platelet function.
- Because of estrogen receptor interactions, isoflavones have been studied particularly in hormone-dependent cancers such as breast, ovarian, and prostate cancer.
- In vitro and in vivo studies have reported promising results in multiple malignancies (gliomas, neuroblastoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, lung and bladder cancers, osteosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma).
- Authors recommend further investigation, particularly combining isoflavones with established chemotherapeutics, to evaluate potential synergy.
Limitations: This article is a narrative review and does not present new clinical trial data.; The evidence summarized is primarily preclinical (in vitro and in vivo) with no clinical trial data provided in the abstract.; Mechanistic proposals are not proven clinical effects and require further experimental and clinical validation.; Safety and efficacy in patients, optimal dosing, and interactions with standard therapies are not established in this review..
AI summary of the abstract, human-reviewed · Jul 2026. Describes what this study reported, not medical advice. View on PubMed · Full text
ReviewInconclusiveModerate evidenceTier 4 · clinical
Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · Nov 2025 · clinical guideline
urothelial cancerbladder cancer
This is a 2025 clinical guideline from SEOM-SOGUG that provides evidence-based recommendations for diagnosis, staging, and medical management of urothelial (bladder) cancer. The guideline summarizes current evidence and available therapies across all disease stages. The abstract does not present new numerical results or detailed methods in the summary.
Key findings
- Provides evidence-based recommendations for diagnosis, staging, and management of bladder cancer across all disease stages.
- Updated in 2025 to summarize current evidence and available therapies for the medical management of urothelial cancer.
Limitations: Abstract is a brief guideline summary and does not report methods, levels/grades of evidence, or specific recommendations.; No patient-level data, outcomes, or quantitative results are reported in the abstract.; Details on literature search, guideline development process, and conflicts of interest are not provided in the abstract..
AI summary of the abstract, human-reviewed · Sep 2026. Describes what this study reported, not medical advice. View on PubMed · Full text
ReviewMechanismReported positivePreclinical onlyTier 2 · animal
Cancer cell · Aug 2025
bladder cancer
This commentary summarizes two recent papers reporting that bladder cancer immunotherapy with Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG), alone or combined with β‑glucan, involves reprogramming of bone marrow hematopoiesis. The authors state these findings provide additional evidence that bone marrow–mediated trained immunity (TRIM) has therapeutic potential against cancer. The abstract itself does not present experimental details, species, sample sizes, or quantitative results.
Studied with: beta-glucan.
Key findings
- Two articles (in Immunity and Cancer Cell) report that BCG alone or combined with β‑glucan involves reprogramming of bone marrow hematopoiesis.
- These observations are presented as additional evidence for the therapeutic potential of bone marrow–mediated trained immunity (TRIM) against cancer.
Limitations: This abstract is a commentary summarizing other articles and does not present original experimental data.; No species, sample sizes, experimental methods, doses, or quantitative results are provided in this abstract.; Translatability to human clinical outcomes is not addressed in the abstract..
AI summary of the abstract, human-reviewed · Sep 2026. Describes what this study reported, not medical advice. View on PubMed