ReviewMechanismInconclusiveModerate evidenceTier 4 · clinical
Histopathology · Jan 2026
neuroendocrine tumour of the urinary bladdersmall cell carcinomalarge cell neuroendocrine carcinomawell-differentiated neuroendocrine tumourparaganglioma
This review summarizes recent advances in the pathology and molecular understanding of neuroendocrine tumours of the urinary bladder. It reports that small cell carcinoma is the most commonly encountered bladder NET and may occur alone or alongside urothelial carcinoma or other histologies. Large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma is being increasingly recognized but remains incompletely characterized, whereas well-differentiated NETs and paragangliomas of the bladder are rare. The authors state that molecular characterization advances have improved biological understanding and may enable better classification and risk stratification.
Studied with: urothelial carcinoma, other histological subtypes.
Key findings
- Small cell carcinoma is the most frequently encountered neuroendocrine tumour of the urinary bladder and may present as either pure or in combination with urothelial carcinoma or other histological subtypes.
- Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma is increasingly recognized in this location, but it is not yet fully characterized.
- Well-differentiated NET and paraganglioma of the bladder are rare neuroendocrine neoplasms.
- Advances in the molecular characterization of these tumours have enhanced our understanding of their biology and can provide better classification and more accurate risk stratification for clinical decision-making.
Limitations: Narrative review format (no methods, search strategy, or systematic synthesis described in the abstract).; Abstract does not present new primary data or quantitative results.; Abstract provides no details on specific molecular markers, study cohorts, or clinical outcome data..
AI summary of the abstract, human-reviewed · Jun 2026. Describes what this study reported, not medical advice. View on PubMed
ReviewInconclusiveLimited evidenceTier 4 · clinical
Bladder cancer (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · Aug 2025 · narrative review
small cell carcinoma of the bladder (SCCB)
This is a narrative review of small cell carcinoma of the bladder (SCCB), a rare and aggressive subtype that represents under 1% of bladder cancers. The authors summarize clinical presentation, staging, local and systemic management, and molecular insights, noting most treatment regimens are extrapolated from small cell lung cancer and that novel agents are in development. They call for greater preclinical research and increased patient participation in clinical trials.
Key findings
- SCCB is a rare, aggressive malignancy accounting for less than 1% of bladder cancers.
- The review summarizes epidemiology, cystoscopic and imaging findings, staging methods, local and systemic treatment approaches, and molecular mechanisms underlying SCCB.
- Most treatment regimens for SCCB are extrapolated from small cell lung cancer due to shared neuroendocrine features and aggressive phenotype.
- Novel agents for SCCB are in clinical development.
- The authors recommend increased preclinical research and greater participation of SCCB patients in clinical trials to expand treatment options.
Limitations: Review article with no new primary data reported.; Evidence base is limited and heterogeneous because SCCB is rare (<1% of bladder cancers).; Many treatment recommendations are extrapolated from small cell lung cancer rather than SCCB-specific trials.; Likely lack of large, randomized clinical trials specific to SCCB..
AI summary of the abstract, human-reviewed · Jun 2026. Describes what this study reported, not medical advice. View on PubMed · Full text