Catalog entry human-reviewed · each study below is labeled with how it was published · How we review →
Auto-discovered from 1 recent study; not yet curated.
Case reportMixed resultsLimited evidenceTier 3 · early humann = 1
Radiology case reports · Mar 2025 · case report
This is a single-patient case report of extrapulmonary small cell carcinoma of the liver in a 52-year-old woman. The patient received systemic chemotherapy with carboplatin and etoposide combined with durvalumab, had clinical improvement of symptoms, but died 10 months after starting chemoimmunotherapy. The authors note that optimal treatment for EPSCC is generally extrapolated from small cell lung cancer and that there is insufficient evidence to routinely recommend immunotherapy in this group.
Reported effects: tumor_dimensions, n=1 · time_to_death_after_starting_chemoimmunotherapy 10 mo, n=1
Studied with: carboplatin, etoposide, carboplatin + etoposide.
Key findings
- Diagnosis of EPSCC of the liver was made after biopsy and immunohistochemistry (positive for CKA1/A3, chromogranin, synaptophysin, CD56 and TTF-1).
- Abdominal MRI showed an enlarged liver secondary to a mass affecting segments IV, V, VI, VII and VIII of 16.9 × 9.4 cm.
- Systemic chemotherapy with carboplatin and etoposide plus durvalumab was started.
- There was clinical improvement of the symptoms after starting treatment.
- The patient died 10 months after starting chemoimmunotherapy treatment.
- Authors state that optimal treatment of EPSCC is generally extrapolated from small cell lung cancer and there is insufficient evidence to routinely recommend immunotherapy for EPSCC.
Limitations: Single-patient case report (n=1), so findings are not generalizable.; No control or comparator group to assess treatment effect.; No dosing, schedule, or detailed treatment toxicity information provided.; Cannot establish causality or efficacy from a single observational case.; EPSCC is rare and treatment recommendations are extrapolated from small cell lung cancer, limiting direct applicability..
This report describes use of carboplatin + etoposide chemotherapy combined with durvalumab in a patient with extrapulmonary small cell carcinoma of the liver.
AI summary of the abstract, human-reviewed · Jun 2026. Describes what this study reported, not medical advice. View on PubMed · Full text
Human trialTrialInconclusiveLimited evidenceTier 4 · clinicaln = 30
Cancer treatment and research communications · Jan 2025 · prospective, multicenter, single-arm phase II study
This paper describes a prospective, multicenter, single-arm phase II protocol enrolling 30 patients to evaluate durvalumab combined with carboplatin and etoposide in advanced or relapsed large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the lung. Patients receive durvalumab intravenously with up to four cycles of carboplatin-etoposide, followed by durvalumab maintenance; the primary endpoint is objective response rate and key secondary endpoints are duration of response, progression-free survival, overall survival, and safety. No efficacy or safety results are reported in this abstract.
Reported effect: enrolled patients 30, n=30
Studied with: carboplatin, etoposide.
Key findings
- This is a prospective, multicenter, single-arm phase II study of durvalumab plus carboplatin and etoposide in advanced or relapsed LCNEC.
- Thirty patients were enrolled in this study.
- Regimen: durvalumab IV combined with up to four cycles of carboplatin and etoposide, followed by durvalumab maintenance.
- Primary endpoint: objective response rate; key secondary endpoints: duration of response, progression-free survival, overall survival, and safety.
- The abstract reports the study design and endpoints but does not report outcome results.
Limitations: Single-arm, non-randomized design with no control arm.; Small sample size (30 patients), limiting statistical power and precision.; Phase II protocol: results are exploratory and not definitive for practice change.; Abstract reports no efficacy or safety results (protocol only).; Objective response rate is a surrogate endpoint; survival benefit is not demonstrated in this abstract.; Generalizability may be limited given the rarity of LCNEC and small cohort..
AI summary of the abstract, human-reviewed · Sep 2026. Describes what this study reported, not medical advice. View on PubMed
ReviewTrialInconclusiveLimited evidenceTier 4 · clinicaln = 11
Revista colombiana de obstetricia y ginecologia · Jun 2024 · expert consensus / practice guideline based on literature review
This paper is an expert consensus, not a clinical study of a single drug. Eleven specialists reviewed the literature and issued recommendations for managing advanced or metastatic high-grade epithelial ovarian cancer, including surgery, chemotherapy, genetic testing, bevacizumab, and PARP inhibitors. It does not report new patient outcomes from a trial. The document mainly summarizes what the panel suggested based on existing guidelines and evidence.
Studied with: platinum-based chemotherapy, bevacizumab, paclitaxel, carboplatin.
Key findings
- The panel suggested primary cytoreductive surgery as the initial approach when complete resection is feasible.
- Neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by interval surgery was suggested when complete cytoreduction is unlikely or the patient has poor functional status/comorbidities.
- Bevacizumab was suggested with platinum-based chemotherapy for high-risk disease, with maintenance only if it was part of first-line therapy.
- PARP inhibitors (olaparib, niraparib, rucaparib) were suggested as maintenance in selected BRCA/HRD-defined groups.
- For platinum-resistant relapse, sequential non-platinum single-agent chemotherapy and best supportive care for poor performance status were suggested.
Limitations: This is a consensus statement/practice guideline, not an original comparative trial.; No new efficacy or safety data are reported in the abstract.; Recommendations are based on literature review and expert agreement, so they are subject to guideline-selection and expert-opinion bias.; The abstract does not provide patient-level outcomes, follow-up, or effect estimates.; Several recommendations are conditional/suggested rather than based on direct evidence from this paper..
Provides management recommendations for advanced/metastatic epithelial ovarian cancer, including several anticancer agents and maintenance strategies.
AI summary of the abstract, human-reviewed · Jun 2026. Describes what this study reported, not medical advice. View on PubMed · Full text
Case reportReported positiveLimited evidenceTier 3 · early humann = 1
BMJ case reports · Dec 2023 · case report
This is a case report of a woman in her 60s with uterine carcinosarcoma showing immature teratoid-like differentiation who underwent total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral adnexectomy followed by postoperative paclitaxel and carboplatin. Pathology showed mixed carcinomatous and sarcomatous elements with immature squamous epithelial cells and immature epithelial glands, and the final diagnosis was uterine carcinosarcoma with immature teratoid-like differentiation. At 14 months after surgery the patient had not experienced recurrence.
Key findings
- The tumour showed heterogeneous histology with both carcinomatous and sarcomatous elements and teratoid features.
- Microscopy identified immature squamous epithelial cells and immature epithelial glands; focal atypical fused glands consistent with endometrioid carcinoma were identified in the endometrium.
- Differential diagnosis included extrarenal Wilms' tumour and teratocarcinosarcoma; final diagnosis was uterine carcinosarcoma with immature teratoid-like differentiation.
- The patient underwent total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral adnexectomy and received postoperative paclitaxel and carboplatin.
- At 14 months after surgery the patient had not experienced recurrence.
Limitations: Single patient case report (n=1), so findings are not generalizable.; No control or comparator group.; Follow-up limited to 14 months as reported in the abstract; longer-term outcome unknown.; No quantitative outcome measures or statistical analysis reported in the abstract..
AI summary of the abstract, human-reviewed · Jul 2026. Describes what this study reported, not medical advice. View on PubMed · Full text
Case reportMechanismReported positiveLimited evidenceTier 3 · early humann = 1
Journal of medical case reports · Aug 2023 · case report
PaclitaxelCarboplatinOlaparibfallopian tube cancerhigh-grade serous carcinomabreast cancerovarian neoplasmshereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome A 72-year-old woman underwent hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy for presumed benign disease; detailed pathology revealed incidental high-grade serous carcinoma of the right fallopian tube. Staging surgery found a single para-aortic node metastasis, a germline BRCA2 mutation was detected, she received six courses of paclitaxel plus carboplatin followed by maintenance olaparib, and she was disease-free 18 months after surgery.
Reported effects: adjuvant chemotherapy courses 6, n=1 · disease-free at 18 mo, n=1
Studied with: paclitaxel and carboplatin.
Key findings
- Incidental detection of high-grade serous carcinoma of the right fallopian tube on detailed pathological examination.
- Staging laparotomy confirmed a single para-aortic lymph node metastasis (FIGO Stage IIIA1(i)).
- Postoperative detection of a germline BRCA2 mutation and diagnosis of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome.
- Patient received adjuvant therapy: six courses of paclitaxel and carboplatin followed by maintenance olaparib.
- Patient was free of disease 18 months after surgery.
Limitations: Single-patient case report (n=1) limits generalizability.; No control or comparison group to assess treatment effect.; Relatively short follow-up (reported disease-free status at 18 months only).; No dosing details provided for chemotherapy or olaparib in the abstract..
Illustrates that detailed pathologic examination and accurate staging can identify occult fallopian tube cancer and that germline BRCA2 testing may inform use of maintenance PARP inhibitor therapy.
AI summary of the abstract, human-reviewed · Jul 2026. Describes what this study reported, not medical advice. View on PubMed · Full text
Case reportReported positiveLimited evidenceTier 3 · early humann = 1
Brain sciences · Jul 2023 · case report
This is a single-patient case report of a 10-year-old boy with a primary intracranial sarcoma harboring DICER1 mutations and a KRAS mutation. He underwent urgent surgical debulking followed by chemotherapy (ifosfamide, carboplatin, etoposide) and focal proton beam radiotherapy, after which the tumor showed a dramatic reduction and there was no radiographic evidence of residual disease at the primary site at the end of therapy.
Studied with: ifosfamide + carboplatin + etoposide chemotherapy, focal proton beam radiotherapy.
Key findings
- Patient presented with a large right frontal hemorrhagic lesion; urgent debulking showed a high-grade sarcomatous lesion.
- Molecular studies found compound heterozygous DICER1 variants (a frameshift insertion and a missense mutation) and a KRAS missense mutation; final diagnosis 'primary intracranial sarcoma, DICER1-mutant'.
- Germline testing identified a germline DICER1 variant; parental testing was negative (variant thought most likely de novo).
- Chemotherapy (ifosfamide, carboplatin, etoposide) combined with focal proton beam radiotherapy precipitated a dramatic reduction in tumor size and there was no evidence of residual disease at the primary site at the end of therapy.
Limitations: Single-patient case report (n=1), so findings are not generalizable.; No control or comparison group.; No dosing details or schedule for chemotherapy or radiotherapy provided in the abstract.; Follow-up duration and longer-term outcomes are not reported in the abstract..
AI summary of the abstract, human-reviewed · Jun 2026. Describes what this study reported, not medical advice. View on PubMed · Full text
Case reportInconclusiveLimited evidenceTier 3 · early humann = 1
Cureus · Jun 2023 · case report
This is a single-patient case report of a 77-year-old man with prior prostate adenocarcinoma who developed extrapulmonary small cell carcinoma of the prostate. The patient did not improve with bicalutamide and leuprorelin, and clinicians administered carboplatin-etoposide chemotherapy with durvalumab based on treatments used for small cell lung cancer. The authors state that EPSCC of the prostate is aggressive, lacks established treatment protocols, and call for further research and clinical trials.
Studied with: bicalutamide + leuprorelin, carboplatin + etoposide, durvalumab (given with carboplatin-etoposide).
Key findings
- Extrapulmonary small cell carcinoma (EPSCC) in the prostate is an aggressive and rare malignancy with unfavorable survival outcomes (reported as a general statement).
- The reported patient did not show improvement after standard therapy with bicalutamide and leuprorelin.
- The treating team administered a carboplatin-etoposide chemotherapy regimen together with durvalumab, extrapolating from small cell lung cancer approaches.
- The authors highlight a lack of established treatment protocols for prostate EPSCC and the need for further research and clinical trials.
Limitations: Single-patient case report (n=1), so findings are not generalizable.; Abstract does not report objective outcomes or follow-up after administration of carboplatin-etoposide plus durvalumab.; No control or comparator; observational description only.; No doses, treatment schedule, toxicity, or response metrics provided in the abstract.; Limited clinical detail (e.g., imaging, histology, biomarkers) provided in the abstract..
AI summary of the abstract, human-reviewed · Jun 2026. Describes what this study reported, not medical advice. View on PubMed · Full text
ReviewMechanismMixed resultsLimited evidenceTier 4 · clinical
International journal of gynecological cancer : official journal of the International Gynecological Cancer Society · Feb 2023
This review summarizes current knowledge on endometrial carcinosarcoma, an aggressive high-grade endometrial carcinoma with sarcomatous trans-differentiation that is often diagnosed at an advanced stage. It describes common molecular features (frequent p53 abnormalities; variable POLE/MSI-H) and current management: multimodal therapy with optimal surgery plus chemotherapy and radiotherapy, carboplatin/paclitaxel as first-line systemic therapy for recurrent/metastatic disease, and regulatory approvals for pembrolizumab plus lenvatinib in endometrial cancer generally. The authors note that carcinosarcoma patients were excluded from many immunotherapy trials and that emerging molecular insights may enable more personalized treatments in the future.
Reported effects: proportion_in_endometrioid_components 25% · proportion_in_non-endometrioid_components 3%
Studied with: carboplatin/paclitaxel doublet, pembrolizumab + lenvatinib, concomitant or sequential chemotherapy and radiotherapy, surgery plus chemotherapy and radiotherapy (multimodal).
Key findings
- Endometrial carcinosarcoma is a rare, aggressive high-grade endometrial carcinoma with secondary sarcomatous trans-differentiation.
- Clinical presentation and diagnostic work-up are similar to endometrioid endometrial cancer, but carcinosarcoma is more frequently diagnosed at an advanced stage.
- Endometrial carcinosarcoma encompasses different histological subtypes depending on the carcinomatous and sarcomatous elements.
- The majority of endometrial carcinosarcomas are characterized by p53 abnormalities.
- The proportion of POLE and microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) is related to the epithelial component, being approximately 25% and 3% in endometrioid and non-endometrioid components.
- Non-metastatic disease management is multimodal with optimal surgery followed by concomitant or sequential chemotherapy and radiotherapy, even for early stages.
- Palliative chemotherapy is recommended for metastatic or recurrent disease, with carboplatin/paclitaxel doublet as the first-line regimen.
- Patients with endometrial carcinosarcoma were excluded from most studies evaluating single-agent immunotherapy or combinations, although pembrolizumab and lenvatinib have FDA and EMA approvals in endometrial cancer after progression on chemotherapy (and single-agent immunotherapy in MSI-H cancers).
- Emerging molecular knowledge is opening promising therapeutic options for more personalized treatment.
Limitations: This article is a narrative review rather than primary clinical trial data.; Endometrial carcinosarcoma is a rare and heterogeneous disease, limiting generalizable high-quality evidence.; Patients with carcinosarcoma were excluded from most immunotherapy studies, resulting in limited direct trial evidence for these agents in this histotype.; The abstract does not present new quantitative clinical trial outcomes specific to carcinosarcoma..
AI summary of the abstract, human-reviewed · Jun 2026. Describes what this study reported, not medical advice. View on PubMed
Case reportReported positiveLimited evidenceTier 3 · early humann = 1
IJU case reports · Oct 2022 · case report
This single-patient case report describes an 83-year-old man with metastatic small-cell carcinoma of the bladder who received second-line chemotherapy with irinotecan plus carboplatin together with irradiation of the primary lesion. Imaging showed a complete response, and the authors report that the therapeutic effect was maintained for 1 year after stopping chemotherapy.
Reported effect: duration_of_maintained_complete_response 1, n=1
Studied with: radiation therapy, combination chemotherapy (irinotecan + carboplatin).
Key findings
- An 83-year-old man with bladder small-cell carcinoma and liver metastasis achieved an imaging complete response after second-line irinotecan plus carboplatin chemotherapy and irradiation of the primary lesion.
- The therapeutic effect was maintained for 1 year, even after discontinuation of chemotherapy.
- Authors suggest irinotecan and carboplatin should be considered for small-cell carcinoma of the bladder, and that irradiation of the primary lesion may be useful when metastatic extent is low.
Limitations: Single-patient case report (n=1); No control or comparison group; No chemotherapy dosing or schedule provided in abstract; Limited follow-up reported (1 year); Findings may not generalize to other patients or settings.
AI summary of the abstract, human-reviewed · Sep 2026. Describes what this study reported, not medical advice. View on PubMed · Full text
Case reportReported positiveLimited evidenceTier 3 · early humann = 1
Experimental and therapeutic medicine · Jul 2022 · case report
This is a case report of a 61-year-old woman with stage IIIC ovarian carcinosarcoma who underwent extensive cytoreductive surgery followed by six cycles of carboplatin, paclitaxel and bevacizumab. Bevacizumab was not continued after chemotherapy because of severe myelosuppression and cost; the patient then received oral niraparib maintenance. At 6 months after the sixth chemotherapy, CA-125 fell to 4.55 U/ml and imaging plus tumor marker assessment indicated remission at short-term follow-up. The report suggests combined surgery, chemotherapy and targeted maintenance was associated with a favorable short-term outcome in this single patient.
Reported effects: number_of_chemotherapy_cycles 6, n=1 · CA-125 at 6 months 4.55, n=1 · +1 more
Studied with: carboplatin, paclitaxel, bevacizumab.
Key findings
- Extensive cytoreductive surgery performed (sub-extensive hysterectomy, bilateral adnexectomy, sigmoid colon and partial rectal resection, lymph node dissection).
- Postoperative pathology confirmed ovarian carcinosarcoma with serous carcinoma and squamous carcinoma components; sarcomatous elements included fibrosarcoma, chondrosarcoma and rhabdomyosarcoma.
- Patient staged as FIGO IIIC and TNM T3cN1M0.
- The patient received six cycles of carboplatin, paclitaxel plus bevacizumab.
- Severe myelosuppression occurred during and after chemotherapy; bevacizumab was not maintained after chemotherapy (also noted to be expensive).
- Following chemotherapy the patient received oral niraparib maintenance therapy.
- At 6 months after the sixth chemotherapy, cancer antigen 125 levels dropped to 4.55 U/ml (within normal range).
- Short-term 6-month follow-up by ultrasonography, CT, MRI and serum tumor markers indicated a remission prognosis.
Limitations: Single-patient case report — results not generalizable.; Short follow-up duration (6 months) — no long-term outcomes reported.; No control or comparator group to attribute benefit to any specific component of the management.; Bevacizumab was discontinued (and had toxicity/cost issues), complicating interpretation of the combined regimen's effect.; No dose details provided for niraparib or chemotherapeutic agents..
AI summary of the abstract, human-reviewed · Jun 2026. Describes what this study reported, not medical advice. View on PubMed · Full text
Human trialTrialReported positiveStrong evidenceTier 4 · clinicaln = 536
Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · Mar 2022 · randomized phase III trial
This randomized phase III study compared paclitaxel plus carboplatin with paclitaxel plus ifosfamide in adults with uterine or ovarian carcinosarcoma. In uterine carcinosarcoma, paclitaxel plus carboplatin was not inferior to the ifosfamide regimen and had longer median overall survival and progression-free survival. Toxicities were broadly similar, although some side effects differed between the two groups.
Reported effects: median OS 37 mo, p P < .01 for noninferiority, P > .1 for superiority, n=449 · HR 0.87 [0.7–1.075], p P < .01 for noninferiority, P > .1 for superiority, n=449 · +4 more
Studied with: carboplatin, ifosfamide.
Key findings
- In uterine carcinosarcoma, paclitaxel plus carboplatin was not inferior to paclitaxel plus ifosfamide for overall survival.
- Median overall survival was 37 versus 29 months in uterine carcinosarcoma.
- Median progression-free survival was 16 versus 12 months in uterine carcinosarcoma.
- Toxicities were similar overall, with more hematologic toxicity in the paclitaxel-carboplatin arm and more confusion and genitourinary hemorrhage in the paclitaxel-ifosfamide arm.
- In ovarian carcinosarcoma, paclitaxel plus carboplatin had numerically longer survival outcomes, but the differences were not statistically significant.
Limitations: Primary analysis was focused on uterine carcinosarcoma; ovarian carcinosarcoma results had limited precision.; The abstract reports noninferiority and superiority p-values but does not provide full confidence intervals for progression-free survival.; Toxicity details are summarized only briefly in the abstract..
This study evaluates chemotherapy regimens in carcinosarcoma, a cancer setting, with direct survival and toxicity outcomes.
AI summary of the abstract, human-reviewed · Jun 2026. Describes what this study reported, not medical advice. View on PubMed · Full text
ReviewMixed resultsLimited evidenceTier 4 · clinical
Gynecologic oncology · Feb 2021 · contemporary clinical summary and molecular review
This review summarizes recent clinical and molecular findings about uterine carcinosarcoma, a rare aggressive endometrial cancer. It reports that multimodal treatment is commonly used, and that carboplatin/paclitaxel adjuvant chemotherapy improved progression-free survival compared with ifosfamide/paclitaxel in the GOG-261 trial. The review also highlights epithelial-mesenchymal transition as an important process in the tumor’s development and discusses common gene mutations seen in these tumors.
Reported effects: annual percent change 1.7% [1.2–2.2] · median survival 2 mo · +6 more
Studied with: ifosfamide/paclitaxel.
Key findings
- Uterine carcinosarcoma incidence has gradually increased over time.
- Median survival remains less than two years and 5-year overall survival has not changed much over decades.
- Carboplatin/paclitaxel adjuvant chemotherapy improved progression-free survival compared with ifosfamide/paclitaxel, particularly in stages III-IV disease.
- Epithelial-mesenchymal transition appears to play a pivotal role in sarcomatous dedifferentiation.
- Common somatic mutations include TP53, PIK3CA, FBXW7, PTEN, and ARID1A.
Limitations: This is a narrative review, not a new experimental study.; Quantitative results are summarized from prior studies rather than generated directly here.; No detailed methods, patient-level data, or full trial design are provided in the abstract.; Some statements are descriptive and not tied to a single controlled comparison..
Useful overview of clinical outcomes and molecular features in uterine carcinosarcoma, including one chemotherapy comparison and discussion of EMT as a potential target.
AI summary of the abstract, human-reviewed · Jun 2026. Describes what this study reported, not medical advice. View on PubMed
Case reportMechanismInconclusiveLimited evidenceTier 3 · early humann = 1
Clinical nuclear medicine · Sep 2020 · case report
This is a single-patient case report of a 39-year-old woman whose F-FDG PET/CT showed high uptake in a tumor in the pouch of Douglas and in metastatic sites; biopsy confirmed mesonephric carcinoma with metastases. She received six cycles of carboplatin, paclitaxel, and bevacizumab without sufficient response, after which checkpoint immunotherapy with nivolumab and ipilimumab was started.
Studied with: carboplatin + paclitaxel + bevacizumab, nivolumab + ipilimumab.
Key findings
- F-FDG PET/CT demonstrated high uptake in a tumor in the pouch of Douglas, in three pelvic lymph nodes, and in the left tuber ischiadicum.
- Biopsies showed a mesonephric carcinoma with metastases.
- Six series of empiric chemotherapy with carboplatin, paclitaxel, and bevacizumab were not sufficient to treat the cancer.
- Checkpoint immunotherapy with nivolumab and ipilimumab was initialized after chemotherapy.
Limitations: Single-patient case report (n=1).; No quantitative outcome data or follow-up provided after initiation of immunotherapy.; No doses, schedules, or treatment durations reported.; No control or comparison group..
Documents FDG-PET/CT avidity of metastatic mesonephric carcinoma and reports prior chemotherapy failure with subsequent initiation of combination checkpoint immunotherapy.
AI summary of the abstract, human-reviewed · Aug 2026. Describes what this study reported, not medical advice. View on PubMed
Human · observationalMixed resultsLimited evidenceTier 3 · early humann = 24
International journal of gynecological cancer : official journal of the International Gynecological Cancer Society · Sep 2018 · retrospective single-institution cohort study
This retrospective single-institution study reviewed 24 patients with undifferentiated endometrial carcinoma treated with surgery and adjuvant therapies. Most patients received adjuvant chemotherapy (carboplatin + paclitaxel), radiation, or brachytherapy; at median follow-up of 14 months, 21% had recurrence or progression and 63% were alive with no evidence of disease. The authors report that survival outcomes appeared comparable to grade 3 endometrioid carcinomas. The study is limited by small size, retrospective design, and relatively short median follow-up.
Reported effects: median age 66, n=24 · presented with locally advanced or metastatic disease 42%, n=24 · +8 more
Studied with: surgery, carboplatin + paclitaxel, pelvic external beam radiation, vaginal cuff brachytherapy.
Key findings
- Median age at diagnosis was 66 years (range, 37-74 years).
- Ten patients presented with locally advanced or metastatic disease (42%).
- Fifteen patients (63%) received adjuvant chemotherapy with carboplatin and paclitaxel.
- Twelve patients (50%) received adjuvant pelvic external beam radiation.
- Ten patients (42%) received adjuvant vaginal cuff brachytherapy.
- With a median follow-up of 14 months (range, 0.5-115 months), 4 patients (21%) had developed disease recurrence and/or progression.
- Two patients (11%) had died of disease, and 1 patient died of treatment complications.
- Twelve patients (63%) were alive with no evidence of disease at last contact.
- Outcomes were reported as comparable to those with grade 3 endometrioid carcinoma.
Limitations: Small sample size (n=24).; Retrospective, single-institution design with potential selection and information bias.; Relatively short median follow-up (14 months) for assessing long-term outcomes.; Heterogeneous adjuvant treatments and no randomized assignment to therapy.; No detailed multivariable or matched comparative analysis reported in abstract..
AI summary of the abstract, human-reviewed · Sep 2026. Describes what this study reported, not medical advice. View on PubMed
Human · observationalReported positiveLimited evidenceTier 3 · early humann = 8
Journal of neurosurgery. Pediatrics · Mar 2016 · retrospective multicenter review
This retrospective review (two Canadian centers, 1995–2012) describes 8 children with primary intracranial (cerebral hemisphere) sarcoma who received surgery when possible, focal radiotherapy (54–60 Gy) with concomitant etoposide, and ICE chemotherapy given before and after radiotherapy (6–8 cycles). Gross-total resection was achieved in 5 patients. Seven of the 8 included patients were alive at a median of 4.9 years (range 1.9–17.9) after treatment. The report also notes that many hemisphere tumors presented with acute intratumoral hemorrhage and that 3 of 8 patients had neurofibromatosis Type 1.
Reported effects: patients_identified 14 · hemisphere_tumors 9 · +10 more
Studied with: focal radiation therapy, surgery (gross-total resection).
Key findings
- Fourteen patients with nonmetastatic primary CNS sarcoma were identified; in 9 patients, tumors were located in the cerebral hemisphere and 7 of these patients presented with intratumoral hemorrhage.
- One infant who died postoperatively before receiving adjuvant therapy was excluded; final cohort included 8 patients (4 males).
- Median patient age at diagnosis was 11.8 years (range 5.8–17 years).
- Duration of symptoms prior to diagnosis had a median of 2 days (range 3–7 days) in most patients.
- Three (37.5%) patients had neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1).
- Gross-total resection was achieved in 5 patients.
- Focal radiation therapy dose ranged between 54 Gy and 60 Gy; concomitant etoposide was given during RT.
- ICE (ifosfamide, carboplatin, etoposide) chemotherapy was given before and after RT for a total of 6–8 cycles.
- Seven of the 8 patients were alive at a median time of 4.9 years (range 1.9–17.9 years) after treatment.
Limitations: Retrospective design; Very small sample size (final n = 8); No control or comparator group; Selected cohort (one infant who died before adjuvant therapy was excluded); Limited generalizability (two centers, single-country series); Heterogeneous prior management and limited detail on chemotherapy dosing beyond cycle counts.
AI summary of the abstract, human-reviewed · Jun 2026. Describes what this study reported, not medical advice. View on PubMed
ReviewMechanismReported positiveLimited evidenceTier 3 · early human
Women's health (London, England) · Jan 2014 · review
This review summarizes that uterine serous carcinoma is an aggressive subtype of endometrial cancer that, despite representing under 10% of cases, causes a disproportionate number of deaths. Standard management is comprehensive surgical staging followed by carboplatin and paclitaxel, and vaginal cuff brachytherapy may be beneficial. Recent whole-exome sequencing studies identified HER2/NEU gain-of-function and driver mutations in the PIK3CA/AKT/mTOR and cyclin E/FBXW7 pathways. The authors highlight these molecular alterations as relevant therapeutic targets for biologic therapy in chemotherapy-resistant recurrent USC.
Studied with: carboplatin + paclitaxel.
Key findings
- Uterine serous carcinoma (USC) is a highly aggressive variant of endometrial cancer and accounts for a disproportionate number of deaths despite representing less than 10% of cases.
- Comprehensive surgical staging followed by carboplatin and paclitaxel chemotherapy represents the mainstay of USC therapy.
- Vaginal cuff brachytherapy is also of potential benefit in USC.
- Whole-exome sequencing studies have demonstrated gain of function of the HER2/NEU gene in a large number of USCs.
- Sequencing studies also found driver mutations in the PIK3CA/AKT/mTOR and cyclin E/FBXW7 oncogenic pathways.
- These genomic results emphasize the relevance of these novel therapeutic targets for biologic therapy of chemotherapy-resistant recurrent USC.
Limitations: This is a review article and does not present new primary clinical trial data.; The abstract reports genomic findings but provides no quantitative results, sample sizes, or outcome data.; No direct evidence of clinical efficacy of targeted agents in USC is provided in the abstract..
AI summary of the abstract, human-reviewed · Jul 2026. Describes what this study reported, not medical advice. View on PubMed · Full text
Human · observationalInconclusiveLimited evidenceTier 3 · early humann = 22
International journal of gynecological cancer : official journal of the International Gynecological Cancer Society · Jan 2008 · retrospective registry review
This retrospective study reviewed 22 women with ovarian carcinosarcoma treated at one institution. Most patients had advanced disease, and the authors reported median survival and progression-free intervals for different surgery and chemotherapy groups. Survival was not significantly different between the cisplatin/ifosfamide group and the carboplatin/taxol group. The study suggests these regimens were used in this rare cancer, but it does not establish which one is better.
Reported effects: median survival for the entire cohort 38 mo, n=22 · median survival for 18 optimally debulked (<1 cm) patients 46 mo, n=18 · +3 more
Studied with: ifosfamide, taxol, carboplatin, cisplatin.
Key findings
- Twenty-two patients were identified, and all but two presented with advanced stage disease.
- Median survival for the entire cohort was 38 months.
- Median survival was 46 months for optimally debulked patients and 27 months for suboptimally debulked patients.
- In the cisplatin and ifosfamide group, median progression-free interval was 13 months and median survival was 51 months.
- In the carboplatin and taxol group, median progression-free interval was 6 months and median survival was 38 months.
- The difference in survival between the two chemotherapy groups was not statistically significant (P=0.48).
Limitations: Retrospective single-institution review; Small sample size; No randomized control group; Non-comparative treatment groups with likely selection bias; Rare cancer with limited generalizability; Survival differences were not statistically significant.
This is an observational outcomes study in ovarian carcinosarcoma evaluating surgery and chemotherapy regimens.
AI summary of the abstract, human-reviewed · Jun 2026. Describes what this study reported, not medical advice. View on PubMed
Case reportReported positiveLimited evidenceTier 3 · early humann = 1
Journal of neuro-oncology · Aug 2005 · case report
An adult with isolated bone and bone marrow metastases from recurrent pineoblastoma received conventional cyclical chemotherapy and achieved a complete radiographic and histopathologic response after almost one year. After successful peripheral blood stem cell harvest the patient underwent myeloablative consolidation with thiotepa, carboplatin and temozolomide followed by autologous hematopoietic stem cell rescue. Hematopoietic reconstitution occurred without difficulty and no serious or permanent side effects were reported in this single case.
Studied with: autologous hemopoietic stem cell rescue, marrow ablative chemotherapy.
Key findings
- Complete radiographic and histopathologic response achieved after almost one year of conventional chemotherapy.
- Peripheral blood stem cells were successfully harvested for autologous rescue.
- Patient underwent myeloablative (thiotepa, carboplatin, temozolomide) chemotherapy with autologous hematopoietic stem cell rescue.
- Hematopoietic reconstitution occurred without difficulty and there were no serious or permanent side effects reported.
Limitations: Single-patient case report without a control group; Findings may not be generalizable to other patients; No detailed dosing or toxicity grading provided in the abstract; Durability of response and long-term outcomes are not reported.
Reports an antitumor response of systemic chemotherapy and feasibility of myeloablative consolidation with autologous stem cell rescue for extraneural metastases of pineoblastoma.
AI summary of the abstract, human-reviewed · Sep 2026. Describes what this study reported, not medical advice. View on PubMed
Evidence at a glance: Carboplatin by cancer
A deterministic grade of what published studies report for each: strength of evidence, the reported direction, and the largest credible effect, strongest-evidence first. This summarizes findings; it is not a claim that anything works.
No primary experimental studies yet.
Largest credible effect: proportion_in_endometrioid_components 25% PMID 36585027 · effect sizes 3–25 across 2 studies
Most authoritative study: Endometrial carcinosarcoma
No human studies yet · Based on a single study.
Inclusion here is not an endorsement. OncoForge makes no claim beyond what the linked studies show. Discuss anything on this page with your oncology team before acting on it.