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Mesonephric Adenocarcinoma

A plain-English summary of the published research on Mesonephric Adenocarcinoma, reviewed and approved by our editors — not a hand-curated clinical overview.

Research summary · reviewed
Educational only: This page is not medical advice. Coordinate decisions with your oncology team.

Reviewed Jun 2026 · OncoForge editorial · How we review →

AI extractedhuman reviewedsources checkedretractions suppressed· last updated Jun 2026

Evidence at a glanceHuman · observationalMixed results⚠ Studies disagree
37 published studies that name Mesonephric Adenocarcinoma15 human studies approved & graded (trial, observational, or meta-analysis)5 human clinical studies in the Mesonephric Adenocarcinoma corpus175 source documents in the Mesonephric Adenocarcinoma corpus

last checked June 20, 2026

Why this grade?

Human · observational — Human observational evidence only — no trials.

Computed deterministically from the studies’ types and reported outcomes — not written by AI, and not a claim that anything works.

What the guidelines say

NCI PDQESMONCCNASCO

We link the authoritative guidelines rather than reproduce them. Below, the treatments on this page are split into standard care, guideline or regulatory options, supportive care, and studied but not standard so established care is not mixed with experimental or supportive items.

Studied, not standard - investigational
  • surgery
  • adjuvant therapy
  • imatinib
  • Hysterectomy + bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy + pelvic lymph node dissection
  • RAS/MAPK pathway inhibitors
  • Trastuzumab-Deruxtecan (T-Dxd)
  • Mirvetuximab Soravtansine
  • platinum-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy
  • paclitaxel
  • bevacizumab
  • carboplatin
  • nivolumab

Read the guidelines

Cancer-specific deep links aren’t curated yet — these search the authoritative sources for Mesonephric Adenocarcinoma.

Treatment map: Mesonephric Adenocarcinoma

Open as a full page →

Standard care plus every compound studied in the literature (each cited) and graded by evidence, organized by clinical readiness. A category, not a verdict that anything works — confirm anything here with your oncology team.

13
Interventions
0
Standard of care
2
Tested in people
4
Lab / animal
7
Named in lit.
6
Classes
Standard of care (0) Guideline option (0) Tested in people (2) Lab / animal only (4) Named in the literature (7)

Tested in people, by trial phase: phase not reported ×2

Clinical evidence
Preclinical evidence
Standard of care
Guideline option
Tested in people
Lab / animal only
Named in the literature
Surgery & procedures
—
—
—
—
2
Chemotherapy
—
—
—
2
1
Targeted therapy
—
—
2
1
2
Immunotherapy
—
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—
1
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Supplements & natural agents
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—
—
—
1
Other
—
—
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1

Columns group into clinical evidence (used in, or tested on, people) and preclinical evidence (lab/animal, or only named in the literature). Cell = number of interventions; a dashed cell means none recorded there.

Investigational & adjunct compounds — detail (13)
Named in the literature
surgery· First-line (advanced disease)adjuvant therapy· Adjuvant (after surgery)imatinibHysterectomy + bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy + pelvic lymph node dissection· Adjuvant (after surgery)RAS/MAPK pathway inhibitorsMirvetuximab Soravtansineoff-label· Recurrent or later-line · platinum-resistant · biomarker-selectedplatinum-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy· Neoadjuvant (before surgery)

"Tested in people" rows show the highest trial phase found in that compound's cited human studies (Phase I–IV; "phase not reported" = a human study with no phase tag). "Studied" = named in the cited literature for this cancer. "FDA ✓" = FDA-approved for this cancer; "off-label" = an FDA-approved drug used outside its approved indications (per openFDA). Not a claim that anything works.

Reported figures

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Snapshot

The essentials in ~60 seconds — every line is drawn from the cited sources below.

What it is
Mesonephric-like adenocarcinoma (MLA) is a rare gynecologic cancer recognized recently that can arise in the endometrium, ovaries, adnexa and other extrauterine sites and is often associated with endometriosis; classic mesonephric carcinoma is thought to derive from Wolffian/mesonephric remnants and most commonly occurs in the lateral uterine cervix but can arise elsewhere in the uterine corpus. [1][2][3][4][5][6]
Survival
Reported median overall survival in one institutional series was 15 months (95% CI: 2.2-27.8 months), and the literature suggests an overall poor prognosis with the majority presenting at advanced stages. [7]
Standard treatment
Initial management in reported series has been upfront surgical resection with most patients recommended to receive adjuvant therapy; when tumors involve the uterine myometrium, treatment has been similar to that for endometrial cancer. [7][5]
Key test
HER2 testing by immunohistochemistry can change therapy selection because NCCN recommends Trastuzumab Deruxtecan (T-Dxd) for recurrent HER2 (2-3+) endometrial carcinoma, and HER2 expression has been reported in MA/MLA. [8]
Biggest challenge
The main clinical problems are advanced-stage presentation and overall poor prognosis, together with diagnostic confusion (frequent misclassification, e.g. as clear cell carcinoma) due to overlapping morphology and marker expression. [7][9][1]

Ask about Mesonephric Adenocarcinoma

Answers come only from the cited sources on this page — with the supporting evidence shown. If the sources here don't cover your question, it will say so. Educational information, not medical advice.

Key numbers & factors

Risk factors

  • ▲ increases riskEndometriosis — MLA is often associated with endometriosis. [1][2]
  • ▲ increases riskAtypical mesonephric hyperplasia — Described as a potential premalignant lesion. [10]

Biomarkers

  • PAX8 · Diagnostic: MLAs typically show diffuse strong PAX8 positivity. [11][12]
  • Estrogen receptor (ER) · Diagnostic: MLAs are typically ER negative. [11][12]
  • GATA3 · Diagnostic: high sensitivity and specificity for identifying mesonephric and mesonephric-like carcinomas. [13]
  • TTF1 · Diagnostic: often positive in mesonephric-like carcinomas and may help when GATA3 is negative. [14][13]
  • CD10 · Diagnostic: often positive in MLAs. [11][13]
  • c‑KIT (CD117) protein expression · Observed in the majority of mesonephric carcinomas (10/12; 83%) but no KIT mutations detected in that series; correlation with KIT-activating mutations is unresolved. [3]
  • KRAS mutations · Molecular: KRAS somatic mutations reported in some uterine and urinary-tract mesonephric(-like) cases. [15][16][10]
  • ARID1A / ARID1B / SMARCA4 · Molecular: mutations in chromatin remodeling genes present in 62% of mesonephric carcinomas. [2]
  • 1q gain (copy number alteration) · Genomic: most common copy number alteration, found in 12 (75%) mesonephric carcinomas. [2]
  • Tumor mutational burden (TMB) / MSI · MLCS cases had low tumor mutational burden and were microsatellite stable. [17]
  • HER2ActionableTherapeutic biomarker: HER2 expression was present in 14/21 MA/MLA tumors and HER2 (2-3+) status can guide use of Trastuzumab Deruxtecan per NCCN in recurrent endometrial carcinoma. [8]
  • FOLR1ActionableTherapeutic biomarker: met current MIRV treatment criteria in one case and showed variable expression in others, supporting exploration of MIRV-based approaches. [8]
  • Napsin‑A · Diagnostic: positive in a subset (17/48, 35.4%) of MA/MLA and can contribute to misclassification as clear cell carcinoma. [18][9]
  • p53 · Immunohistochemistry: reported wild-type staining in all tumors in one series. [14]
  • Mismatch repair proteins (MMR) · All endocervical adenocarcinomas examined were proficient in all four MMR proteins. [19]
  • PIK3CA / PTEN · Genomic: one series reported occasional PIK3CA mutations (1/13) while another reported all mesonephric carcinomas lacked PIK3CA and PTEN mutations (reports vary across series). [3][2]

9 sections — tap any heading to expand its cited detail. Key points are above.

Overview8 points
  • Mesonephric carcinoma is a rare gynecologic malignancy thought to derive from Wolffian/mesonephric remnants. [3][5][2]3 sources
  • MLA arises in the endometrium, ovaries, and other extrauterine sites and is often associated with endometriosis; an analogous tumor occurs in the adnexa (female adnexal tumor of probable Wolffian origin). [1][2]
  • This tumor usually occurs in the lateral wall of the uterine cervix. [4][2]
  • Mesonephric carcinoma can, in exceptional cases, arise in the uterine fundus or elsewhere in the uterine corpus. [4][5]
  • Mesonephric-like adenocarcinoma (MLA) is a rare gynecologic malignancy that has only been recognized in the last decade. [1]
  • Mesonephric-like neoplasms exhibit a relatively constant morphological appearance with an admixture of architectural patterns dominated by small glands or tubules, some containing luminal eosinophilic colloid-like material. [14]
  • The authors recommend these tumours be termed "mesonephric-like adenocarcinomas" until their histogenesis is firmly established. [14]
  • Immunohistochemistry is necessary in relatively few cases; knowledge of the potential immunoreactivity of the antibodies used is required for immunohistochemical studies. [20]
Epidemiology3 points
  • Mesonephric adenocarcinoma (MLA) is a rare gynecologic malignancy primarily arising in the uterine corpus and ovaries. [6]
  • The current study presents two cases of uterine corpus mesonephric carcinoma with sarcomatous components that occurred in postmenopausal women. [5]
  • Mesonephric adenocarcinomas and mesonephric-like adenocarcinomas can arise in the urinary tract, including the urinary bladder, the perirenal region, and the ureter. [16]
Key biomarkers20 points
  • Immunohistochemically, mesonephric proliferations/tumours are diffusely and strongly positive for PAX8, are negative for ER (and PR is typically negative), and show patchy cytoplasmic staining for p16; recent data also report diffuse PAX2 expression in mesonephric remnants and hyperplasias. [12][14][21]3 sources
  • Sources describe MLAs as typically showing diffuse strong PAX8 positivity and ER negativity; they are often positive for TTF-1, CD10, and GATA3, and show negative or only focal weak/moderate SOX17 staining. [11][22]
  • Across series, TTF1 nuclear staining was frequent in mesonephric-like carcinomas and infrequent in mesonephric carcinomas: in one series all except one tumour showed often-diffuse TTF1 nuclear staining; in another, TTF1 was positive in 5/5 mesonephric-like carcinomas and 1/8 mesonephric carcinomas. [14][13]
  • KRAS somatic mutation was reported in both uterine mesonephric adenocarcinoma cases studied; a KRAS G12C somatic mutation was detected in one urinary-tract mesonephric-like adenocarcinoma case, while hotspot mutations in KRAS, NRAS, and PIK3CA were not present in other tested cases. [15][16]
  • HPV DNA was not detected in the unusual endocervical adenocarcinoma subtypes studied (except a single serous case), and authors noted that mesonephric adenocarcinoma may be identified by negative CEA, ER, and PR stains; CEA was consistently negative in clear cell carcinomas and in a single mesonephric adenocarcinoma in the reported series. [21][14]
  • Mutations in chromatin remodeling genes (ARID1A, ARID1B, or SMARCA4) were present in 62% of mesonephric carcinomas. [2]
  • All mesonephric carcinomas lacked mutations in PIK3CA and PTEN. [2]
  • The most common copy number alteration was 1q gain, found in 12 (75%) mesonephric carcinomas. [2]
  • Mesonephric carcinoma is characterized by molecular alterations that differ from those of more common variants of cervical and endometrial adenocarcinoma, which harbor KRAS/NRAS mutations in 7% and 25% of cases, respectively. [2]
  • c-KIT immunohistochemical expression was observed in the majority of mesonephric carcinomas (10/12; 83%), but no KIT mutations were detected in that series. [3]
  • Mesonephric carcinoma and clear cell carcinoma can both be negative for estrogen receptor and p16, contributing to diagnostic difficulty; Napsin-A and AMACR expression is significantly higher in clear cell carcinomas than in mesonephric carcinomas and is helpful in distinguishing them. [9]
  • Additional mutations reported in one series included CTNNB1 (2/13, 15%), TP53 (2/13, 15%), and PIK3CA (1/13, 8%). [3]
  • HER2 expression was present in 14/21 MA/MLA tumours; HER2 (2+) was seen in two cases by both criteria, with no HER2 (3+) identified. [8]
  • FOLR1 met current MIRV treatment criteria in one case, while ten others showed expression ranging from 5% to 70%. [8]
  • Napsin-A staining was positive in 17 of 48 cases (35.4%) of MA/MLA, with focal granular cytoplasmic expression ranging from 1% to 40%. [18]
  • MLCS cases had low tumor mutational burden and were microsatellite stable. [17]
  • GATA3 had the highest sensitivity and specificity (91% and 94%) compared with TTF1 (45% and 99%), CD10 (73% and 83%), and calretinin (36% and 89%) for identifying mesonephric and mesonephric-like carcinomas. [13]
  • An inverse staining pattern between GATA3 and TTF1 was observed, and it was suggested that TTF1 may be useful when GATA3 is negative in small biopsies where mesonephric or mesonephric-like carcinoma is suspected. [13]
  • All tumours in a reported series exhibited wild-type staining with p53. [14]
  • All endocervical adenocarcinomas including variants and lower uterine segment tumours were proficient in all four mismatch repair proteins in the examined series. [19]
Biology & pathways2 points
  • MLA shows morphologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular homology with cervical mesonephric adenocarcinoma. [1]
  • Atypical mesonephric hyperplasia (MNH) has been reported to harbor pathogenic KRAS mutations and gain of chromosome 1q, suggesting these alterations play an important role in early mesonephric carcinogenesis. [10]
Standard management7 points
  • No targeted molecular therapeutic options have been identified for mesonephric carcinoma to date; targeted therapy with Imatinib has been attempted in tumors thought related to Wolffian-origin lesions, with mixed success. [3]
  • When tumors are located in the uterine myometrium, treatment has been similar to that for endometrial cancer. [5]
  • The National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) recommends Trastuzumab Deruxtecan (T-Dxd) as second-line therapy for recurrent HER2 (2-3+) endometrial carcinoma. [8]
  • Although most tumors did not meet current biomarker thresholds for Trastuzumab or MIRV monotherapy, detectable expression supports exploring anti-HER2 T-Dxd and MIRV combination treatments in selected MA/MLA cases. [8]
  • Cytology proved to be extremely helpful in supporting the clinical impression of an apparent advanced ovarian cancer; when the cytologic diagnosis does not match the clinical impression, communication between the cytologist or pathologist and the clinician is essential. [23]
Show 2 lab & early-research findings
  • In a reported case of uterine fundus mesonephric adenocarcinoma, the patient underwent hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection, had no lymph node or distant metastasis, and remained free of relapse after 20 months of surveillance without adjuvant therapy. [4]
  • In a case series, all patients underwent upfront surgical resection and were recommended adjuvant therapy after surgery. [7]
Treatments & compounds studied8 treatments

Chemotherapy

  • platinum-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy: Neoadjuvant (before surgery)Pretreatment cytology slides were available from patients treated with platinum-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy who were believed to have ovarian cancer based on clinical findings. [23]

Targeted therapy

  • RAS/MAPK pathway inhibitors: Inhibitors of the RAS/MAPK pathway have been proposed as a potential therapeutic approach for mesonephric carcinoma. [2]
  • Trastuzumab Deruxtecan (T-Dxd): biomarker-selectedThe DESTINY-PanTumor02 study reported strong responses to Trastuzumab Deruxtecan (T-Dxd), an antibody-drug conjugate targeting HER2, in multiple HER2+ chemoresistant tumors including gynecologic carcinomas. [8]
  • Mirvetuximab soravtansine (MIRV) · Mirvetuximab Soravtansine: Recurrent or later-line · platinum-resistant · biomarker-selectedMirvetuximab soravtansine (MIRV), which targets folate receptor-1 (FOLR1), is FDA-approved for platinum-resistant tubo-ovarian cancers with ≥75% moderate/strong staining, and studies report meaningful responses to MIRV combination therapy even at lower FOLR1 expression. [8]
Show 1 lab & early-research entry
  • Imatinib: Imatinib has been attempted as a targeted therapy in lesions related to Wolffian-origin tumors, with mixed success reported in limited case reports. [3]

Procedures & devices

  • surgical resection · surgery: First-line (advanced disease)All patients in a reported series underwent upfront surgical resection. [7]
Show 1 lab & early-research entry
  • Hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection: Adjuvant (after surgery)Hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection was performed in a reported case of uterine fundus mesonephric adenocarcinoma, followed by surveillance without adjuvant therapy. [4]
    relapse-free follow-up after surgery 20 months
    Source quote
    • “After 20 months of surveillance without adjuvant therapy, she remains free of relapse.”

Other

  • adjuvant therapy: Adjuvant (after surgery)Patients in the same series were recommended adjuvant therapy after surgery. [7]
Staging & risk3 points
  • In one institutional series there were 6 uterine, 5 ovarian, and 2 cervical MNAC/MLA cases. [7]
  • In that series, at presentation 7 patients were diagnosed at stage I, 2 at stage II, 3 at stage III, and 1 at stage IV. [7]
  • In a separate series, MLCS patients were diagnosed at FIGO stage I (n=3), stage II (n=2), stage III (n=2), and stage IV (n=1). [17]
Prognosis6 points
  • Median overall survival in one institutional series was 15 months (95% CI: 2.2-27.8 months). [7]
  • Current literature suggests an overall poor prognosis for MNACs/MLAs with the majority presenting at advanced stages. [7]
  • In that series, 9 of 13 patients had completed treatment and had no evidence of disease. [7]
  • Mesonephric carcinoma is commonly mistaken for clear cell carcinoma because of overlapping morphologic features. [9]
  • Atypical mesonephric hyperplasia is described as a potential premalignant lesion. [10]
  • Although the follow-up period was short in the current cases, no metastatic disease was identified in the second case. [5]
What we don't know yet7 points
  • There is controversy about the morphologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular criteria that should be used to establish a diagnosis of mesonephric adenocarcinoma (MLA). [1]
  • It remains unresolved whether MLA originates from mesonephric (Wolffian) remnants or from Müllerian duct-derived tissue. [6]
  • It is unclear whether c-KIT immunohistochemical expression in mesonephric carcinoma correlates with KIT-activating mutations. [3]
  • The molecular relationship between female adnexal tumor of probable Wolffian origin (FATWO) and mesonephric carcinoma is uncertain because FATWO lacks KRAS/NRAS mutations that are characteristic of mesonephric carcinoma. [24]
  • The pathogenesis and the key molecular events in mesonephric carcinoma are not known. [2]
  • HER2 and FOLR1 biomarkers have not been adequately evaluated in mesonephric and mesonephric-like adenocarcinomas. [8]
  • Napsin-A expression is present in a subset of mesonephric-like and mesonephric adenocarcinomas and may contribute to misclassification as clear cell carcinoma; pathologists should use a panel of markers rather than relying on a single marker. [18]

Sources

Every statement above is drawn from these reviewed sources. This page reports what they describe. Sources last checked June 20, 2026.

  1. Review articleMesonephric-like Adenocarcinoma (MLA) Diagnostic Criteria and Controversies: Perspectives and Guidance From Pathologists in the MLA Consortium · 2026
  2. Review articleTargeted genomic profiling reveals recurrent KRAS mutations and gain of chromosome 1q in mesonephric carcinomas of the female genital tract · 2015
  3. Review articlec-KIT Analysis and Targeted Molecular Sequencing of Mesonephric Carcinomas of the Female Genital Tract · 2020
  4. Review articleMesonephric Adenocarcinoma of the Uterine Fundus Exhibiting High (18)F-FDG Uptake · 2020
  5. Review articleMesonephric carcinoma of the uterine corpus: A report of two cases · 2016
  6. Review articleExpanded Histologic Lineage and Origin of Mesonephric-Like Adenocarcinoma: A Clinicopathologic Study of 9 Cases · 2026
  7. StudyMesonephric and Mesonephric-like Adenocarcinomas of the Gynecologic Tract: A Case Series and a Review of the Literature · 2025
  8. StudyHER2 and FOLR1 Expression in Mesonephric and Mesonephric-Like Adenocarcinomas in the Gynecologic Tract · 2026
  9. Review articleNapsin-A and AMACR are Superior to HNF-1β in Distinguishing Between Mesonephric Carcinomas and Clear Cell Carcinomas of the Gynecologic Tract · 2020
  10. Review articleAtypical Mesonephric Hyperplasia of the Uterus Harbors Pathogenic Mutation of Kirsten Rat Sarcoma 2 Viral Oncogene Homolog (KRAS) and Gain of Chromosome 1q · 2020
  11. Review articleIdentifying mesonephric-like adenocarcinoma of the endometrium by combining SOX17 and PAX8 immunohistochemistry · 2025
  12. Review articleDifferential patterns of PAX8, p16, and ER immunostains in mesonephric lesions and adenocarcinomas of the cervix · 2014
  13. Clinical trialA Comparison of GATA3, TTF1, CD10, and Calretinin in Identifying Mesonephric and Mesonephric-like Carcinomas of the Gynecologic Tract · 2018
  14. Review articleHormone receptor-negative, thyroid transcription factor 1-positive uterine and ovarian adenocarcinomas: report of a series of mesonephric-like adenocarcinomas · 2016
  15. Clinical trialMesonephric Adenocarcinoma of the Uterine Corpus: A Report on 2 Cases With Comparison to Its Cervical Counterpart · 2020
  16. StudyMesonephric Adenocarcinoma and Mesonephric-like Adenocarcinoma of the Urinary Tract · 2023
  17. Review articleClinicopathologic and Molecular Characterization of Gynecologic Carcinosarcomas With a Mesonephric-Like Carcinomatous Component · 2025
  18. StudyNapsin-A Expression in Mesonephric and Mesonephric-like Adenocarcinomas: Implications for Distinction From Clear Cell Carcinoma · 2025
  19. Review articleAre women with endocervical adenocarcinoma at risk for lynch syndrome? Evaluation of 101 cases including unusual subtypes and lower uterine segment tumors · 2012
  20. Review articleA critical appraisal of the value of immunohistochemistry in diagnosis of uterine neoplasms · 2004
  21. Review articleUnusual endocervical adenocarcinomas: an immunohistochemical analysis with molecular detection of human papillomavirus · 2011
  22. Review articleMesonephric-like Adenocarcinoma of the Female Genital Tract: A Comprehensive Review of Clinicopathological, Immunophenotypic, Molecular Features, and Clinical Management · 2026
  23. Review articleNeoadjuvant chemotherapy for advanced ovarian cancer: the role of cytology in pretreatment diagnosis · 2003
  24. Review articleTargeted Genomic Profiling of Female Adnexal Tumors of Probable Wolffian Origin (FATWO) · 2019

What supports this page

The kinds of sources behind this page, strongest at the top. Faint rungs show what is not here yet.

Guideline
1
Meta-analysis
1
Systematic review
3
Randomized trial
0
Clinical trial
4
Observational
0
Case report
103
Review
56
Preclinical
0
Other
7

Living document — last change June 20, 2026: Cancer page updated. 3 recent updates logged.

Pooled evidence across studies

PubMed
  • Recurrence: 51% (42–59 across studies) · (regimen unspecified)
    4 studies · 50% agree · moderate33165093
  • KRAS variant distribution: 4.5 cases (2–7 across studies) · (regimen unspecified)
    4 studies · 0% agree · heterogeneous33024807
  • 5-year 5-year disease-specific survival: 72% (71–74 across studies) · (regimen unspecified)
    3 studies · 100% agree · consistent33165093
  • Presentation stage: 58% (39–60 across studies) · (regimen unspecified)
    3 studies · 67% agree · moderate · 1 flagged33165093
  • Disease status at time of writing: 2 (1–9 across studies) · (regimen unspecified)
    3 studies · 33% agree · heterogeneous · 1 flagged39869067
  • Time_to_local_recurrence: 1.7 years (0.7–2.2 across studies) · (regimen unspecified)
    3 studies · 33% agree · heterogeneous11224609
  • Time_to_death: 3.2 years (0.8–6.2 across studies) · (regimen unspecified)
    3 studies · 33% agree · heterogeneous11224609
  • TTF1 positivity rate: 56.5% (13–100 across studies) · (regimen unspecified)
    2 studies · 0% agree · heterogeneous30148742

Numbers pooled deterministically across 29 published studies that passed our figure-accuracy checks — a quick synthesis, not a formal meta-analysis. Updated 9/1/2026.

Compounds compared by evidence

PubMed

How to read this: Ranked by the strength and volume of the evidence — NOT by how well a treatment works. A higher rank means a compound has been studied more, or in stronger study designs (e.g. randomized trials over lab studies), not that it produces better outcomes. The effect column shows the largest pooled figure reported, not a head-to-head comparison.

#CompoundEvidence strengthStudiesLargest pooled effect
1Trastuzumab-Deruxtecan (T-Dxd) Targeted therapyHuman · observational1—
2Bevacizumab Targeted therapyInsufficient evidence1—
3Carboplatin ChemotherapyInsufficient evidence1—
4Nivolumab †Rx ImmunotherapyInsufficient evidence1—
5Paclitaxel ChemotherapyInsufficient evidence1—

Ranked across 5 compounds with published studies for this cancer. Updated 9/1/2026.

Medicines & supplements studied for Mesonephric Adenocarcinoma

PubMedFDAClinicalTrials.gov

Every drug, supplement, and other agent the published studies cover for Mesonephric Adenocarcinoma, ranked by how strong the evidence is — what studies report, not a recommendation. Tap any to see its full profile.

Medicines · 5

Trastuzumab-Deruxtecan (T-Dxd)Human · observationalMixed results1 human

Human observational evidence only — no trials.

Largest credible effect: endometrial cases 13, n=21 PMID 42095344 · effect sizes 0–21 across 11 studies

Most authoritative study: HER2 and FOLR1 Expression in Mesonephric and Mesonephric-Like Adenocarcinomas in the Gynecologic Tract

Based on a single study.
Targeted therapy1 studyFull profile →
PaclitaxelInsufficient evidenceReported positive

No primary experimental studies yet.

Largest credible effect: tumor_long_axis 53, n=1 PMID 39589956 · effect sizes 1–66 across 6 studies

Most authoritative study: Cervical Mesonephric Adenocarcinoma Treated with Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy: A Case Report and a Literature Review

No human studies yet · Effect sizes reported in only 1 of 2 studies · All studies are small (n < 30).
ChemotherapyFDA off-label2 studiesFull profile →
BevacizumabInsufficient evidenceInconclusive

No primary experimental studies yet.

Most authoritative study: 18F-FDG Uptake in a Mesonephric Carcinoma

No human studies yet · No numeric effect sizes reported · Based on a single study.
Targeted therapyFDA off-label1 studyFull profile →
CarboplatinInsufficient evidenceInconclusive

No primary experimental studies yet.

Most authoritative study: 18F-FDG Uptake in a Mesonephric Carcinoma

No human studies yet · No numeric effect sizes reported · Based on a single study.
ChemotherapyFDA off-label1 studyFull profile →
Nivolumab †RxInsufficient evidenceInconclusive

No primary experimental studies yet.

Most authoritative study: 18F-FDG Uptake in a Mesonephric Carcinoma

No human studies yet · No numeric effect sizes reported · Based on a single study.
Immunotherapy1 studyFull profile →

What recent studies report in Mesonephric Adenocarcinoma

These are reviewed studies whose abstracts concern Mesonephric Adenocarcinoma. Each describes only what that study reported. This is not a claim by OncoForge that any compound helps or harms Mesonephric Adenocarcinoma. Most are early lab, animal, or small human studies, and findings often conflict.

37 studies15 human⚠ Conflicting evidenceMechanism (25)

Tracking 37 published studies of Mesonephric Adenocarcinoma: 15 in humans, 22 reviews/other.

Reported direction across studies: 11 positive, 7 mixed, 2 negative, 17 inconclusive.

Findings conflict — both supportive and negative/mixed results exist (see below). Human evidence is limited.

These counts summarize what the studies reported; they are not a measure of whether anything works for Mesonephric Adenocarcinoma.

Compounds with studies mentioning Mesonephric Adenocarcinoma

Paclitaxel (2)Trastuzumab deruxtecan t dxd (1)Carboplatin (1)Bevacizumab (1)Nivolumab (1)
ReviewMechanismInconclusiveLimited evidenceTier 3 · early human

Mesonephric-like Adenocarcinoma of the Female Genital Tract: A Comprehensive Review of Clinicopathological, Immunophenotypic, Molecular Features, and Clinical Management

International journal of surgical pathology · Jun 2026 · comprehensive review

mesonephric-like adenocarcinoma (MLA)mesonephric adenocarcinoma (MA)female genital tractuterine cervix

This is a comprehensive review summarizing clinicopathologic, immunophenotypic, and molecular features of mesonephric-like adenocarcinoma (MLA) of the female genital tract. The authors report that MLA shows diverse histologic patterns, is typically negative or only focally positive for ER, is positive for TTF-1, CD10, and GATA3 immunostains, and often harbors KRAS mutations. They note that MLA resembles mesonephric adenocarcinoma histologically and molecularly but, unlike MA, is not associated with mesonephric remnants. The review aims to improve clinicians' and pathologists' recognition of this rare tumor type.

Key findings
  • MLA is a recently recognized rare malignancy of the female genital tract with histomorphology, immunohistochemistry, and molecular characteristics similar to mesonephric adenocarcinoma but not associated with mesonephric remnants.
  • Histologic patterns described for MLA include tubule-like, glandular, papillary, solid, sex cord-like, trabecular, retiform, cribriform, glomeruloid, and spindle cell patterns.
  • Immunohistochemically, most MLAs show negative or focal weak expression for ER and are positive for TTF-1, CD10, and GATA3.
  • Molecularly, these tumors often harbor KRAS gene mutations.
Limitations: This is a narrative review rather than primary original data.; No systematic review or meta-analytic methods are described in the abstract.; MLA is a rare tumor, so primary evidence summarized may be limited in quantity and quality.; The abstract does not report treatment or clinical outcome data..

Provides a clinicopathologic, immunophenotypic, and molecular summary intended to help pathologists and clinicians recognize and diagnose mesonephric-like adenocarcinoma.

AI summary of the abstract, human-reviewed · Jun 2026. Describes what this study reported, not medical advice. View on PubMed

Human · observationalMechanismMixed resultsLimited evidenceTier 3 · early humann = 21

HER2 and FOLR1 Expression in Mesonephric and Mesonephric-Like Adenocarcinomas in the Gynecologic Tract

International journal of gynecological pathology : official journal of the International Society of Gynecological Pathologists · May 2026

Trastuzumab-deruxtecan-t-dxdmesonephric adenocarcinoma (cervix)mesonephric-like adenocarcinoma (endometrium)mesonephric-like adenocarcinoma (ovary)

The authors measured HER2 and FOLR1 protein expression by immunohistochemistry in 21 mesonephric and mesonephric-like gynecologic adenocarcinomas (13 endometrial, 5 ovarian, 3 cervical). HER2 was detectable in 14 of 21 tumors (two cases scored 2+ and many scored 1+, with no 3+ cases), while FOLR1 met MIRV eligibility in one case and ten additional tumors had 5–70% expression. Most tumors did not meet current thresholds for HER2- or FOLR1-targeted monotherapy, but the authors suggest detectable expression could justify exploring T-Dxd and MIRV combinations in selected cases.

Reported effects: Total cases assessed 21 · endometrial cases 13, n=21 · +9 more

Studied with: trastuzumab deruxtecan + mirvetuximab soravtansine.

Key findings
  • HER2 expression was present in 14/21 tumors.
  • HER2 (2+) was seen in two cases by both EC and GaC criteria; no HER2 (3+) was identified.
  • Twelve other cases showed HER2 (1+) by endometrial cancer (EC) criteria; only four met 1+ by GaC criteria.
  • FOLR1 met current MIRV treatment criteria in one case; ten other cases showed FOLR1 expression ranging from 5% to 70%.
  • Most tumors did not meet current biomarker thresholds for trastuzumab (HER2) or MIRV monotherapy.
Limitations: Small sample size (21 cases).; Observational immunohistochemical study of archival tumors only — no treatment or clinical outcome data provided.; Heterogeneous primary sites (cervix, endometrium, ovary) which may affect biomarker distribution.; Use of different scoring criteria (EC vs GaC) produced discordant HER2 categorization, which may limit generalizability..

AI summary of the abstract, human-reviewed · Jul 2026. Describes what this study reported, not medical advice. View on PubMed

Human · observationalMixed resultsLimited evidenceTier 3 · early humann = 13

Mesonephric and Mesonephric-like Adenocarcinomas of the Gynecologic Tract: A Case Series and a Review of the Literature

International journal of gynecological pathology : official journal of the International Society of Gynecological Pathologists · Nov 2025 · retrospective case series (chart review)

mesonephric adenocarcinomamesonephric-like adenocarcinomauterine adenocarcinomaovarian adenocarcinomacervical adenocarcinoma

This retrospective case series describes 13 patients with mesonephric and mesonephric-like adenocarcinomas of the uterus, ovary, and cervix identified from 2016–2024. The report summarizes presentation, stage, treatments (all had upfront surgery; adjuvant therapy recommended), and short-term outcomes, finding that 9 of 13 had no evidence of disease at the time of writing and the cohort median overall survival was 15 months (95% CI: 2.2–27.8 months). The authors note that current literature suggests generally poor prognosis but their series includes several early-stage cases and relatively many patients without recurrence after initial treatment.

Reported effects: Total cases 13, n=13 · Anatomic distribution - uterine 6, n=13 · +12 more

Key findings
  • Total cases: 13 new MNAC/MLA cases identified at a single institution between 2016 and 2024.
  • Anatomic distribution: 6 uterine, 5 ovarian, and 2 cervical tumors.
  • Stage at presentation: 7 stage I, 2 stage II, 3 stage III, and 1 stage IV.
  • Treatment: All patients underwent upfront surgical resection; adjuvant therapy was recommended and one patient declined adjuvant treatment.
  • Outcomes at time of writing: 9 of 13 patients had completed treatment and had no evidence of disease, 1 was alive with disease, 1 was undergoing treatment, and 2 died of disease.
  • Median overall survival (OS) for the cohort was 15 months (95% CI: 2.2-27.8 months).
Limitations: Small sample size (n=13).; Single-institution, retrospective chart-review design.; Short and variable follow-up; outcomes are reported 'at the time of writing' and longer-term prognosis remains uncertain.; No control or comparison group; heterogeneous tumor anatomic sites and treatments limit generalizability.; Potential selection bias in case identification and reporting..

AI summary of the abstract, human-reviewed · Aug 2026. Describes what this study reported, not medical advice. View on PubMed

Human · observationalMechanismReported positiveLimited evidenceTier 3 · early humann = 48

Napsin-A Expression in Mesonephric and Mesonephric-like Adenocarcinomas: Implications for Distinction From Clear Cell Carcinoma

International journal of gynecological pathology : official journal of the International Society of Gynecological Pathologists · Nov 2025 · case series

mesonephric adenocarcinomamesonephric-like adenocarcinomaclear cell carcinomamesonephric carcinosarcoma

The authors performed Napsin-A immunohistochemistry on whole-slide sections from 48 mesonephric and mesonephric-like adenocarcinomas and carcinosarcomas. Napsin-A was positive in 17/48 cases (35.4%), with focal granular cytoplasmic staining in 1–40% of cells; positivity occurred in 13/32 MLAs, 2/13 MAs, and 2/3 carcinosarcomas. The study concludes that Napsin-A is expressed in a substantial subset of these tumors and that reliance on a single marker could lead to misclassification as clear cell carcinoma.

Reported effects: Napsin-A positive overall 35.4%, n=48 · Range of focal granular cytoplasmic expression · +3 more

Key findings
  • Napsin-A staining was positive in 17 of 48 cases (35.4%), with focal granular cytoplasmic expression ranging from 1% to 40%.
  • 13/32 (40.6%) mesonephric-like adenocarcinomas (MLAs) were Napsin-A positive.
  • 2/13 (15.4%) mesonephric adenocarcinomas (MAs) were Napsin-A positive.
  • 2/3 (66.7%) mesonephric or mesonephric-like carcinosarcomas were Napsin-A positive.
  • Because of morphologic and immunohistochemical overlap, Napsin-A expression in MA/MLA may contribute to misclassification as clear cell carcinoma.
Limitations: Observational pathology series without reported clinical outcome correlation; Relatively small overall sample size and very small subgroup sizes (e.g., n=3 carcinosarcomas); Findings are based solely on immunohistochemistry on tissue sections; no clinical or molecular correlation reported in the abstract.

AI summary of the abstract, human-reviewed · Jun 2026. Describes what this study reported, not medical advice. View on PubMed

Case reportMechanismInconclusiveLimited evidenceTier 3 · early humann = 1

Mesonephric Adenocarcinoma in a Young Male Patient

Anticancer research · Feb 2025 · case report

mesonephric adenocarcinoma

This single-patient case report describes a 33-year-old man who presented with right lower quadrant pain and was found to have a pelvic mass that biopsy confirmed as mesonephric adenocarcinoma. Genetic profiling of the tumor identified mutations in TSC2 and PIK3CA. The authors note these molecular findings could inform potential targeted therapies and emphasize multidisciplinary management and surveillance; no treatment or outcome data are provided.

Key findings
  • A 33-year-old male presented with right lower quadrant pain and imaging showed a pelvic mass compressing adjacent structures.
  • Biopsy confirmed the lesion as mesonephric adenocarcinoma.
  • Genetic profiling of the tumor revealed mutations in TSC2 and PIK3CA.
  • Authors suggest molecular profiling provided insights into tumor biology and potential targeted treatments and recommend multidisciplinary collaboration and surveillance.
Limitations: Single-patient case report — findings may not generalize.; No therapeutic intervention details or clinical outcomes are reported in the abstract.; No functional validation of the reported TSC2 and PIK3CA mutations is provided.; Limited detail on methods of genetic profiling and lack of follow-up information..

AI summary of the abstract, human-reviewed · Sep 2026. Describes what this study reported, not medical advice. View on PubMed

Human · observationalReported negativeLimited evidenceTier 3 · early humann = 91

The Clinical Characteristics and Treatment Outcomes of Mesonephric Tumours of the Uterine Cervix: A Systematic Review and Proposal of Embryologically-Oriented Surgical Resection

Journal of clinical medicine · Dec 2024 · systematic review of case reports and case series

mesonephric adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervixcervical mesonephric adenocarcinoma (MNAC)

This systematic review pooled 49 publications describing 91 cases of cervical mesonephric adenocarcinoma. Most reported cases were stage I and hysterectomy was the most common surgical procedure; median follow-up was 29 months. Disease recurrence occurred in about one-third of cases (35.2%) with a median disease-free survival of 24 months; at follow-up 64.8% were in remission and 27.4% died of disease progression. The authors propose an embryologically oriented surgical approach based on their appraisal of existing surgical and adjuvant therapies.

Reported effects: included_publications 49, n=49 · cases_included 91, n=91 · +7 more

Key findings
  • 49 publications were included in the analysis, describing 91 MNAC cases.
  • Most patients had stage I disease (70.8%) (n = 51).
  • Hysterectomy was performed in 77 patients.
  • The median follow-up was 29 months (range 1-199 months).
  • Disease recurrence was observed in 35.2% (n = 25) of the cases.
  • Median disease-free survival (DFS) was 24 months (range 1-199).
  • At follow-up, 64.8% (n = 46) of patients remained in remission irrespective of the treatment modality.
  • 27.4% (n = 20) died due to disease progression.
Limitations: Evidence derives from case reports and case series rather than controlled trials.; Relatively small total number of cases (91) for pooled inference.; Heterogeneous and retrospectively reported treatments and outcomes across included publications.; Potential publication and selection bias inherent to systematic reviews of case reports/series.; Follow-up duration was variable (range 1–199 months) which may affect comparability of outcomes.; No randomized or controlled data available to support the proposed surgical approach..

Systematic review of clinical characteristics, management, and outcomes of cervical mesonephric neoplasms; proposes an embryology-informed surgical resection strategy.

AI summary of the abstract, human-reviewed · Jun 2026. Describes what this study reported, not medical advice. View on PubMed · Full text

Case reportReported positiveLimited evidenceTier 3 · early humann = 1

Cervical Mesonephric Adenocarcinoma Treated with Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy: A Case Report and a Literature Review

Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · Nov 2024 · case report (single patient) with literature review

Paclitaxelcervical mesonephric adenocarcinomacervical adenocarcinoma

This is a single-patient case report of a 66-year-old woman with a 53 × 26 mm cervical tumor who received one course of neoadjuvant paclitaxel-carboplatin followed by abdominal radical hysterectomy; postoperative pathology diagnosed mesonephric adenocarcinoma. Surgical margins were negative, the patient received five additional courses of paclitaxel-carboplatin postoperatively, and there was no recurrence reported at 12 months.

Reported effects: tumor_long_axis 53, n=1 · tumor_short_axis 26, n=1 · +5 more

Studied with: abdominal radical hysterectomy (surgery).

Key findings
  • Pelvic MRI revealed a 53 × 26 mm tumor in the cervix.
  • Initial histological diagnosis on biopsy was endometrioid carcinoma; clinical stage recorded as cervical adenocarcinoma cT1b3N0M0.
  • One course of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (paclitaxel-carboplatin) was given to shrink the tumor and control bleeding prior to abdominal radical hysterectomy (ARH).
  • Postoperative histopathological diagnosis was mesonephric adenocarcinoma (MA).
  • Surgical margins of the resected specimen were negative.
  • The patient received five courses of paclitaxel-carboplatin after surgery.
  • No recurrence was reported 12 months after surgery.
Limitations: Single-patient case report — very small sample size with no control group.; Short follow-up (12 months) for assessing recurrence in cancer.; No chemotherapy dosing details reported in the abstract.; Findings cannot be generalized or used to establish standard treatment..

AI summary of the abstract, human-reviewed · Sep 2026. Describes what this study reported, not medical advice. View on PubMed · Full text

Human · observationalMechanismInconclusiveLimited evidenceTier 3 · early humann = 3

Mesonephric adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix with a prominent spindle cell component

Oncology letters · Aug 2024 · retrospective case series

mesonephric adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix

This retrospective case series analyzed three postmenopausal women with primary mesonephric adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix that had prominent spindle cell components. Targeted next-generation sequencing found KRAS mutations in two cases and a PIK3CA mutation in one; all patients underwent hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection and had no reported recurrences or deaths after surgery. The authors note spindle cell components can be a diagnostic pitfall and may indicate advanced stage, and they recommend using immunohistochemical panels plus molecular testing to resolve overlapping morphologies.

Reported effects: sample_size 3, n=3 · age_range, n=3 · +2 more

Key findings
  • Three postmenopausal female patients (aged 51-60 years) with primary uterine cervical mesonephric adenocarcinoma with prominent spindle cell components were included.
  • All patients underwent hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection.
  • There were no recurrences or deaths after surgery (timeframe not specified).
  • Targeted NGS identified KRAS mutations in 2 cases and a PIK3CA mutation in another.
  • Spindle cell components may indicate mesonephric adenocarcinomas at an advanced stage and represent a diagnostic pitfall; immunohistochemistry and molecular testing are recommended for cases with overlapping morphology.
Limitations: Very small sample size (n=3); Retrospective case series design; No follow-up duration or timing of 'no recurrences or deaths' specified in the abstract; No control group or comparative cohort reported, limiting generalizability.

AI summary of the abstract, human-reviewed · Sep 2026. Describes what this study reported, not medical advice. View on PubMed · Full text

Human · observationalMechanismReported positiveLimited evidenceTier 3 · early humann = 35

Diagnostic Value of Immunostaining for Thyroid Transcription Factor 1 (TTF1) and Paired Box 8 (PAX8) in Distinguishing Pulmonary Metastases of Mesonephric and Mesonephric-like Adenocarcinomas from Primary Lung Adenocarcinomas

Anticancer research · May 2024 · retrospective review of medical records and pathology slides with immunohistochemistry

mesonephric adenocarcinomamesonephric-like adenocarcinomaprimary lung adenocarcinomapulmonary metastases

The authors retrospectively reviewed clinical records and pathology slides and performed TTF1 and PAX8 immunostaining on a series of mesonephric/mesonephric-like tumors and primary lung adenocarcinomas. They found that pulmonary metastases of mesonephric/mesonephric-like adenocarcinomas showed reduced TTF1 staining and diffuse strong PAX8 expression, whereas most primary lung adenocarcinomas showed uniform intense TTF1 and were largely PAX8-negative. The authors conclude that combined TTF1 and PAX8 immunostaining can help distinguish metastatic mesonephric/mesonephric-like disease from primary lung adenocarcinoma.

Reported effects: Reviewed PMM cases 8, n=8 · Immunostaining cases — primary MA/MLA 6, n=6 · +4 more

Key findings
  • We reviewed the electronic medical records and pathology slides of eight PMM cases.
  • We conducted immunostaining for TTF1 and PAX8 in 6, 8, and 21 cases of primary MA/MLA, PMM, and PLA, respectively.
  • Two patients with stage IB uterine MLA developed lung metastases at 5 and 57 months after hysterectomy.
  • Solitary pulmonary nodules were suspected to be primary lung cancer in two patients.
  • Compared to primary tumors, all matched PMMs exhibited reduced TTF1 immunoreactivity.
  • The majority of PLAs showed uniform and intense TTF1 expression.
  • All except one PMM exhibited diffuse and strong PAX8 expression, while only one PLA showed focal and weak PAX8 expression.
Limitations: Small sample size (immunostaining performed in 6, 8, and 21 cases for the three groups).; Retrospective review of cases, subject to selection bias.; No statistical analysis or measures of diagnostic accuracy reported in the abstract.; Findings appear from a limited case series and lack external validation in independent cohorts..

Study assesses diagnostic immunohistochemical markers (TTF1 and PAX8) to differentiate metastatic mesonephric/mesonephric-like adenocarcinoma in the lung from primary lung adenocarcinoma.

AI summary of the abstract, human-reviewed · Aug 2026. Describes what this study reported, not medical advice. View on PubMed

Human · observationalMechanismReported positiveLimited evidenceTier 3 · early humann = 81

Mesonephric and mesonephric-like adenocarcinomas of gynecologic origin: A single-center experience with molecular characterization, treatment, and oncologic outcomes

Gynecologic oncology · Mar 2024 · retrospective cohort (single-center)

mesonephric adenocarcinomamesonephric-like adenocarcinomacervical adenocarcinomauterine adenocarcinomaovarian adenocarcinoma

This single-center retrospective study reviewed 81 patients with mesonephric or mesonephric-like gynecologic adenocarcinomas treated at MSK from 2008–2021. Among 36 patients treated initially at MSK, 20 (56%) recurred; median PFS1 was 33 months, median PFS2 was 8.3 months, and median OS was 87 months. Tumor sequencing (MSK-IMPACT) was performed in 26 patients and 25 (96%) had somatic MAPK pathway alterations. The authors conclude MAPK pathway mutations are highly prevalent and may warrant further study as therapeutic targets.

Reported effects: total patients with confirmed gynecologic MA/MLA 81 · received initial treatment at MSK 36, n=81 · +14 more

Key findings
  • Of 81 patients with confirmed gynecologic MA/MLA, 36 received initial treatment at MSK.
  • Sites of origin included cervix (n = 9, 11%), uterus (n = 42, 52%), ovary (n = 28, 35%), and other (n = 2, 2%).
  • Of the 36 patients who received initial treatment at MSK, 20 (56%) recurred.
  • Median PFS1 was 33 months (95% CI: 17-not evaluable).
  • Median PFS2 was 8.3 months (95% CI: 6.9-14).
  • Median OS was 87 months (95% CI: 58.2-not evaluable).
  • Twenty-six of the 36 patients underwent MSK-IMPACT testing, and 25 (96%) harbored MAPK pathway alterations.
Limitations: Retrospective, single-center design; Relatively small sample size for a heterogeneous set of tumor sites; MSK-IMPACT sequencing performed on a subset (26 of 36 or 26 of 81) rather than all cases; Potential selection and referral bias from single-institution cohort; Some confidence intervals not fully estimable ('not evaluable'), indicating censoring or limited follow-up; No comparative or interventional treatment analysis to determine therapeutic efficacy.

AI summary of the abstract, human-reviewed · Sep 2026. Describes what this study reported, not medical advice. View on PubMed · Full text

Human · observationalMechanismReported positiveLimited evidenceTier 3 · early humann = 65

Identification of characteristics and construction of nomogram to predict the survival probability of mesonephric carcinoma patients: A population-based analysis and a case report

Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.) · Jan 2024 · retrospective population-based cohort (SEER) with split-sample development/validation and an additional single case report

mesonephric carcinoma

The authors analyzed 64 mesonephric carcinoma patients from the SEER database plus one hospital case (total 65) to describe characteristics and build/validate two nomograms predicting 3–8 year survival. They report an average survival time of 84.22 ± 50.66 months, found SEER stage distinguished survival (p = .0835), and observed associations between shorter time-to-treatment, surgery, regional lymph node examination, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and better survival. The two nomograms showed satisfactory C-index, ROC, DCA, and calibration results; the authors recommend adequate regional lymph node examination and considering radiotherapy for high-risk patients.

Reported effects: average survival time 84.22 mo, n=65 · p value for SEER vs FIGO stage survival comparison, p=0.0835, n=65

Key findings
  • The average survival time of MC patients was 84.22 b1 50.66 months.
  • No significant difference was shown among different groups of race, primary site, tumor differentiated grade, and FIGO stages, while different SEER stages did distinguish patients' survival time, which indicated that the SEER stage standards might be a better staging system in the MC patients than FIGO stage (p = .0835).
  • MC patients benefited from shorter waiting times to begin treatment, accepting surgery, regional lymph node examination, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy (as reported in survival analyses).
  • Two nomograms were established to predict 3-to-8-year survival probability and both achieved satisfactory performance by C-index, ROC curves, DCA curves, and calibration plots.
Limitations: Very small sample size (64 registry cases plus one case report; total 65).; Retrospective observational analysis of registry data (SEER) with inherent selection and reporting biases.; Validation appears to be split-sample/internal and includes only one external case report, limiting true external validation.; No randomized comparison; associations between treatments and survival may be confounded by indication and other unmeasured factors.; The reported superiority of SEER staging is not clearly statistically robust given p = .0835..

AI summary of the abstract, human-reviewed · Aug 2026. Describes what this study reported, not medical advice. View on PubMed · Full text

ReviewInconclusiveLimited evidenceTier 3 · early humann = 13

Diagnosis, Treatment and Prognosis of Mesonephric Adenocarcinoma of the Vagina: A Literature Review and a Case Report

Journal of clinical medicine · Jul 2023 · systematic literature review of case reports/series plus a single case report

mesonephric adenocarcinoma of the vagina

The authors performed a systematic review of the literature and report one additional laparoscopic case, assembling 13 published cases of vaginal mesonephric adenocarcinoma. They summarize patient features (median age 52), diagnostic methods, that most patients underwent upfront surgery and many received adjuvant therapy, and report a mean follow-up of 6 years. The authors state that a minimally invasive approach may be feasible after multidisciplinary evaluation. Because the review is limited to a small number of case reports and series, conclusions about optimal management remain uncertain.

Reported effects: number_of_cases 13 · median_age 52, n=13 · +5 more

Key findings
  • Thirteen cases of mesonephric adenocarcinoma (MA) of the vagina were identified in the literature, including the authors' case report.
  • Median age at diagnosis was 52 years.
  • The majority of patients reported vaginal bleeding as a symptom (38%).
  • Ultrasound, followed by MRI and CT, were the most used diagnostic tools.
  • In 54% of cases a surgical biopsy was performed.
  • 92% of patients underwent upfront surgery (open access or vaginal resection); one case was managed fully by minimally invasive surgery.
  • 68% of patients received adjuvant treatment with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or both.
  • Mean follow-up period reported was 6 years.
  • Authors conclude a minimally invasive approach seems feasible after multidisciplinary evaluation, but call for reporting future cases and follow-up data.
Limitations: Very small total sample (13 cases) drawn from case reports and case series.; Included evidence consists of uncontrolled observational reports and a single case report, preventing comparative conclusions.; Likely heterogeneity in diagnostic and treatment approaches across reported cases.; Potential publication and reporting bias inherent to case-report literature.; Abstract does not report systematic review methods details (search dates, eligibility criteria, risk-of-bias assessment) limiting appraisal..

AI summary of the abstract, human-reviewed · Jun 2026. Describes what this study reported, not medical advice. View on PubMed · Full text

Browse all studies mentioning Mesonephric Adenocarcinoma →

Where the evidence is

What has been studied, and how strong it is, by topic. A dashed cell means no studies were found for that combination — a gap, not evidence of no effect. Open a row to see its studies.

CompoundHuman evidenceMechanismSafetyTrial
Trastuzumab-Deruxtecan (T-Dxd)11——
Paclitaxel—1——
Bevacizumab—1——
Carboplatin—1——
Nivolumab †Rx—1——

Study mix

37 published studies by what they were done in. Lab and animal findings often do not carry over to people.

15 Human22 Review/other
Reported directionReported positive11Mixed results7Reported negative2Inconclusive17

Compounds with reported-positive results in Mesonephric Adenocarcinoma

Where at least one study reported a positive result, shown with the full picture, not just the wins. Positive results are more likely to be published, and most of these are early lab or animal studies that may not translate to people. This reports what studies found, not what works.

Preclinical only: lab / animal (1)
Paclitaxel1 positive
Limitations: Single-patient case report — very small sample size with no control group.; Short follow-up (12 months) for assessing recurrence in cancer.; No chemotherapy dosing details reported in the abstract.; Findings cannot be generalized or used to establish standard treatment..
Cited positive studies (1)

Evidence at a glance: compounds studied in Mesonephric Adenocarcinoma

A deterministic grade of what published studies report for each: strength of evidence, the reported direction, and the largest credible effect, strongest-evidence first. This summarizes findings; it is not a claim that anything works.

Trastuzumab-Deruxtecan (T-Dxd)Human · observationalMixed results1 human

Human observational evidence only — no trials.

Largest credible effect: endometrial cases 13, n=21 PMID 42095344 · effect sizes 0–21 across 11 studies

Most authoritative study: HER2 and FOLR1 Expression in Mesonephric and Mesonephric-Like Adenocarcinomas in the Gynecologic Tract

Based on a single study.
PaclitaxelInsufficient evidenceReported positive

No primary experimental studies yet.

Largest credible effect: tumor_long_axis 53, n=1 PMID 39589956 · effect sizes 1–66 across 6 studies

Most authoritative study: Cervical Mesonephric Adenocarcinoma Treated with Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy: A Case Report and a Literature Review

No human studies yet · Effect sizes reported in only 1 of 2 studies · All studies are small (n < 30).
BevacizumabInsufficient evidenceInconclusive

No primary experimental studies yet.

Most authoritative study: 18F-FDG Uptake in a Mesonephric Carcinoma

No human studies yet · No numeric effect sizes reported · Based on a single study.
CarboplatinInsufficient evidenceInconclusive

No primary experimental studies yet.

Most authoritative study: 18F-FDG Uptake in a Mesonephric Carcinoma

No human studies yet · No numeric effect sizes reported · Based on a single study.
Nivolumab †RxInsufficient evidenceInconclusive

No primary experimental studies yet.

Most authoritative study: 18F-FDG Uptake in a Mesonephric Carcinoma

No human studies yet · No numeric effect sizes reported · Based on a single study.

What the research shows for Mesonephric Adenocarcinoma

A plain-language summary of the reviewed studies OncoForge tracks for Mesonephric Adenocarcinoma. It reports what those studies described, not a claim that any compound or therapy helps or harms Mesonephric Adenocarcinoma. Most of this evidence is early, and findings often conflict.

  • These studies are descriptive analyses of human tumor samples and case series rather than therapeutic trials.
  • A multi‑institutional review of 99 well‑defined mesonephric and mesonephric‑like gynecologic adenocarcinomas reported that most tumors presented at advanced stage and that over half of patients developed recurrences.
  • Immunohistochemical profiling in a study of 48 mesonephric and mesonephric‑like tumors found Napsin‑A positivity in about 35% of cases, typically focal and involving a minority of tumor cells.
  • A small case series (six tumors) arising in the urinary tract reported consistent PAX8 expression and a luminal pattern of CD10 staining and provided limited molecular characterization.
  • Overall, biomarker expression patterns varied across cases and studies, and findings are based on small series and retrospective pathology cohorts.

Supportive & alternative options discussed

  • Exercise / prehabilitation: Also discussed as a supportive option for people with gynecologic cancers to help maintain fitness and quality of life; these studies did not evaluate exercise.
  • Mind–body (MBSR / CBT): Also discussed as a supportive option (stress reduction, coping) in gynecologic oncology care; these studies did not examine mind–body interventions.
  • Acupuncture: Also discussed as a supportive option for symptom control (e.g., pain, nausea) in gynecologic cancers; these pathology- and biomarker-focused studies did not assess acupuncture.
  • Mistletoe (VAE): Also discussed in some regions as a complementary therapy in cancer care, but these studies did not address mistletoe or similar complementary treatments.

What we don’t know yet

  • These studies do not establish effective systemic or local therapies for mesonephric or mesonephric‑like adenocarcinomas.
  • The prognostic significance and therapeutic relevance of reported biomarkers (e.g., Napsin‑A, PAX8, CD10) remain unclear.
  • There are no prospective clinical trials reported here to define standard treatment approaches, optimal sequencing, or response rates.
  • Optimal staging, surveillance strategies, and factors predicting recurrence or long‑term survival are not defined by these reports.
  • Molecular drivers that could be targeted therapeutically and the prevalence of actionable mutations were not comprehensively characterized in these studies.
The evidence consists of retrospective case series and pathology/biomarker studies on human tumor samples; it is descriptive and early, and does not provide data on treatment efficacy or clinical outcomes from interventions.

Clinical trials in Mesonephric Adenocarcinoma

12 ongoing · 35 completed · tracked from ClinicalTrials.gov. Recruiting is not the same as proven, and completed is not the same as positive — read the results. Not a recommendation.

Completed
2 stopped (terminated / withdrawn / suspended)

Search all trials on ClinicalTrials.gov →

Getting care & support

Nonprofit / Gov

Practical, vetted help for Mesonephric Adenocarcinoma — advocacy, paying for treatment, second opinions, and caregivers.

If you’re struggling emotionally, you don’t have to wait.

Advocacy & community

No dedicated organization for this specific cancer is curated yet — these general organizations can help in the meantime.

Financial help

  • PAN Foundation ↗ — Copay assistance funds by diagnosis (funds open and close as money allows). · status changes often — check the fund’s site
  • HealthWell Foundation ↗ — Copay and premium assistance funds by disease. · status changes often — check the fund’s site
  • CancerCare — financial assistance ↗ — Limited grants plus free financial counseling. · status changes often — check the fund’s site
  • Family Reach ↗ — Help with everyday living costs (rent, transport, food) during treatment. · status changes often — check the fund’s site
  • NeedyMeds ↗ — Searchable directory of drug patient-assistance and discount programs. · status changes often — check the fund’s site
What you’ll typically need to apply
  • Your diagnosis and, if you have it, the specific drug/treatment name (from your care team).
  • Insurance details — your member ID card, or a note that you're uninsured (some funds require active insurance, some don't).
  • Proof of income and household size (recent pay stubs, a tax return, or a benefits letter) — most funds are income-based.
  • Your prescriber's contact information; some programs need the clinic to submit part of the application.
  • Apply early and re-check: funds open and close as money is available, so a closed fund may reopen.

General guidance — each program sets its own eligibility. Confirm requirements on the program’s site.

Help paying for the medicines on this page

Second opinions

Caregiver support

We list only non-profit and government resources — never product sellers — and take no affiliate fees. If a link is broken or a resource doesn't meet that bar, tell us.

Interactions & safety to check: Mesonephric Adenocarcinoma

This is not a complete interaction check. It only covers the compounds we track and the signals reported in studies. A drug or supplement not listed here is not therefore safe. Bring your full medication and supplement list to your pharmacist and oncologist before changing anything.

Potential interactions: highest-stakes first

  • Nivolumab †Rx×immunosuppressantshigh-stakeshigh
    Avoid: Blunts efficacy (e.g., chronic steroids).
  • Nivolumab †Rx×Ipilimumabmoderate
    Synergize: Higher irAE but OS gains in melanoma.
  • Nivolumab †Rx×corticosteroidslow
    Use For IrAE: High-dose for toxicity; low-dose physiologic OK.

Safety considerations

Heading to an appointment? Get a printable one-page summary — studied compounds, open trials, interactions, and questions to ask.
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