These are reviewed studies whose abstracts concern Pancreatic Cancer. Each describes only what that study reported. This is not a claim by OncoForge that any compound helps or harms Pancreatic Cancer. Most are early lab, animal, or small human studies, and findings often conflict.
ReviewReported positiveLimited evidenceTier 4 · clinical
Drugs · Jun 2026 · regulatory approval summary
Relacorilantepithelial ovarian cancerfallopian tube cancerprimary peritoneal cancerpancreatic cancerprostate cancer Relacorilant is a non-steroidal, selective glucocorticoid receptor antagonist being developed for several solid tumours and Cushing syndrome. The article reports that relacorilant received its first approval in the USA on 25 March 2026 for use in combination with nab-paclitaxel for adults with platinum-resistant epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube or primary peritoneal cancer after 1-3 prior systemic regimens (at least one including bevacizumab). The article summarizes development milestones leading to this approval.
Studied with: nab-paclitaxel.
Key findings
- Relacorilant is a non-steroidal, selective glucocorticoid receptor II antagonist developed by Corcept Therapeutics.
- Relacorilant received first approval in the USA on 25 March 2026.
- Approval is for use in combination with nab-paclitaxel for adults with platinum-resistant epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube or primary peritoneal cancer who have received 1-3 prior systemic treatment regimens, at least one of which included bevacizumab.
- Relacorilant is being developed for various solid tumours including ovarian, fallopian tube, peritoneal, pancreatic and prostate cancers, as well as for Cushing syndrome.
- The article summarizes milestones in the development of relacorilant leading to this approval.
Limitations: Abstract provides no efficacy or safety outcome data or numeric results from trials.; No trial design, sample size, or methods are reported in the abstract.; This is an approval/summary article, not primary trial data.; Geographic scope limited to a USA approval; supporting evidence is not detailed in the abstract..
AI summary of the abstract, human-reviewed · Jul 2026. Describes what this study reported, not medical advice. View on PubMed
Animal studyReported positivePreclinical onlyTier 2 · animal
Science (New York, N.Y.) · Mar 2026
pancreatic cancer
The authors report that drugs which inhibit KRAS signaling delayed the development of pancreatic cancer in mice. The abstract does not specify which drugs, doses, timing, sample size, or statistical measures were used. This is an animal study showing a preclinical anticancer effect of KRAS-pathway inhibition.
Key findings
- In mice, drugs that inhibit KRAS signaling delayed the development of pancreatic cancer.
Limitations: Study was performed in mice (animal model) and results may not translate to humans.; Abstract provides no details on which specific drugs were used, doses, timing, sample sizes, control groups, or statistical significance.; No quantitative results or methodology are reported in the abstract..
AI summary of the abstract, human-reviewed · Jun 2026. Describes what this study reported, not medical advice. View on PubMed
OtherMechanismReported negativePreclinical onlyTier 1 · lab
Cell metabolism · Dec 2025
pancreatic cancer
This study examined mechanisms linking obesity to pancreatic cancer progression. It reports that extracellular vesicles from visceral adipose tissue reprogram immune cells via a cathepsin A–pseudouridine–mast cell axis. The authors conclude this pathway promotes immune evasion and resistance to checkpoint blockade therapy in pancreatic cancer.
Key findings
- Extracellular vesicles from visceral adipose tissue reprogram immune cells.
- This reprogramming occurs through a cathepsin A–pseudouridine–mast cell axis.
- The described mechanism provides a way obesity can drive immune evasion and resistance to checkpoint blockade therapy in pancreatic cancer.
Limitations: Abstract does not state the experimental model(s) used (cells, animals, or human tissue) or sample sizes.; No quantitative data, statistical results, or numeric effect sizes are reported in the abstract.; Abstract provides mechanistic insight but does not present clinical trial or patient outcome data to demonstrate relevance in humans..
AI summary of the abstract, human-reviewed · Sep 2026. Describes what this study reported, not medical advice. View on PubMed
ReviewInconclusiveLimited evidenceTier 4 · clinical
World journal of gastroenterology · Nov 2025 · narrative review
pancreatic neoplasmspancreatic cancer
This is a narrative review summarizing recent progress in pancreatic cancer up to 2025. The authors discuss advances in prevention and early detection, better molecular understanding, more effective systemic therapies, improved quality of life and surgical outcomes, and the role of artificial intelligence.
Key findings
- Pancreatic cancer continues to have a very poor prognosis due to late presentation, aggressive biology, and resistance to chemotherapy.
- Areas of progress highlighted include prevention and early detection strategies.
- The review notes refinements in molecular understanding of pancreatic cancer that may inform therapy.
- Identifying more effective systemic therapies and improving quality of life and surgical outcomes are described as progress areas.
- The authors emphasize the importance of technological advances, particularly artificial intelligence.
Limitations: Narrative review; no original experimental or clinical data are reported in the abstract.; Abstract provides no methods, selection criteria, or systematic search details.; No quantitative results or specific studies/metrics are reported in the abstract.; Broad scope limits detail on any single intervention, biomarker, or therapy..
AI summary of the abstract, human-reviewed · Jun 2026. Describes what this study reported, not medical advice. View on PubMed · Full text
Animal studyFormulationReported positivePreclinical onlyTier 2 · animal
Journal of nanobiotechnology · Jul 2025
pancreatic cancer
The authors developed a PLGA/polydopamine nanoparticle carrying manganese porphyrin and the hypoxia-activated prodrug tirapazamine, labeled with 131I for dual MRI/SPECT imaging. In preclinical experiments the platform generated ROS under ultrasound combined with 131I beta emissions, exacerbated tumor hypoxia to activate TPZ, and produced synergistic tumor-cell killing while inhibiting tumor stem cell formation. The nanoparticle showed good biocompatibility, stable radionuclide labeling, and enabled real-time imaging of its metabolism and therapeutic effect.
Studied with: 131I radionuclide therapy, sonodynamic therapy (ultrasound).
Key findings
- MnTTP and tirapazamine (TPZ) were encapsulated in PLGA spheres and coated with polydopamine to allow labeling with 131I, creating a theranostic nanoplatform.
- The nanoplatform demonstrated excellent biocompatibility, stable labeling efficiency, and dual-modal MRI/SPECT imaging capabilities.
- Under ultrasound activation the nanoplatform generated ROS, and in combination with beta-rays emitted by 131I synergistically eradicated tumor cells and exacerbated tumor hypoxia.
- TPZ was activated under hypoxic conditions to produce toxic free radicals, enabling synergistic radionuclide and sonodynamic therapy.
- The combined approach effectively inhibited tumor stem cell formation and enhanced anti-tumor efficacy, with in vivo metabolism and therapeutic effect monitored by MRI/SPECT.
Limitations: Preclinical study reported in the abstract (in vivo models) with no human data.; Abstract does not report species, sample sizes, or quantitative effect sizes.; No details on controls, comparator groups, or statistical significance are provided in the abstract.; Safety, long-term outcomes, and translatability to humans are not addressed in the abstract..
Preclinical study of a theranostic nanoparticle combining radionuclide and sonodynamic approaches with a hypoxia-activated prodrug for pancreatic cancer.
AI summary of the abstract, human-reviewed · Sep 2026. Describes what this study reported, not medical advice. View on PubMed · Full text
ReviewInconclusiveLimited evidenceTier 4 · clinical
ESMO open · Apr 2025 · ESMO Clinical Practice Guideline Express Update
metastatic pancreatic cancer
This is an ESMO clinical practice guideline express update addressing recent developments in managing metastatic pancreatic cancer. The update was issued following the approval of first-line nanoliposomal irinotecan (NALIRIFOX) and provides updated first- and second-line treatment recommendations and an updated management algorithm.
Key findings
- This ESMO Clinical Practice Guideline Express Update addresses developments in the management of metastatic pancreatic cancer.
- It has been issued following the approval of first-line nanoliposomal irinotecan (NALIRIFOX regimen).
- Updated first- and second-line treatment recommendations are provided.
- An updated management algorithm for metastatic pancreatic cancer is also included.
Limitations: Abstract-only summary of a guideline; no methodological details or evidence tables are provided in the abstract.; No primary patient-level data, sample sizes, or outcome measures are reported in the abstract.; No information on funding, conflicts of interest, or the strength/grade of specific recommendations is provided in the abstract..
AI summary of the abstract, human-reviewed · Jul 2026. Describes what this study reported, not medical advice. View on PubMed · Full text
ReviewMechanismReported positiveLimited evidenceTier 3 · early human
Oncology research · Feb 2025 · Systematic review with bioinformatic analyses (PRISMA-guided literature search and database analyses)
ovarian cancersarcomapancreatic cancer
This systematic review and bioinformatic analysis examined the relationships among the long noncoding RNA ZFAS1, microRNAs, and mRNAs in cancer. The authors report that ZFAS1 often acts as a sponge for multiple miRNAs, highlight a strong negative correlation with miR-150-5p, and find that higher ZFAS1 expression is associated with poorer overall survival in ovarian, sarcoma, and pancreatic cancers. They also identify involvement of signaling pathways including STAT3 and Wnt/β-catenin and roles in RNA binding and ribonucleoprotein formation.
Reported effect: correlation miR-150-5p vs ZFAS1 -0.346, p=3.27e-16
Key findings
- ZFAS1 serves as a sponge for numerous miRNAs (ceRNA activity).
- miR-150-5p is significantly correlated with ZFAS1 across multiple databases (p-value = 3.27e-16, R-value = -0.346).
- Kaplan-Meier survival analysis indicated an association between ZFAS1 expression levels and worse overall prognosis in ovarian, sarcoma, and pancreatic cancers.
- ZFAS1/miRNAs/mRNAs axis involves signaling pathways including STAT3, SKA1, LPAR1, and Wnt/β-catenin.
- ZFAS1 is implicated in molecular processes such as RNA binding and ribonucleoprotein formation.
Limitations: This paper is a systematic review and bioinformatic analysis rather than primary experimental or clinical data.; Findings are largely observational and correlative; causality is not established.; No sample sizes or patient-level details are reported in the abstract for the survival analyses.; Potential heterogeneity and publication bias across the included studies are not detailed in the abstract.; No experimental validation of the bioinformatic predictions is reported in the abstract..
AI summary of the abstract, human-reviewed · Jun 2026. Describes what this study reported, not medical advice. View on PubMed · Full text
ReviewReported positiveModerate evidenceTier 4 · clinical
The oncologist · Feb 2025 · narrative review
glioblastomagrade 4 gliomapediatric central nervous system tumorsbrain metastaseslung cancerovarian cancerpancreatic cancergastric cancerhepatic cancer
This review summarizes Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields), a noninvasive device that delivers alternating electric fields to tumors. It reports mechanisms of action (mitotic disruption, DNA replication/DNA damage response effects, reduced motility, and immune enhancement), notes FDA approval for newly diagnosed and recurrent glioblastoma, and describes clinical data showing efficacy across patient groups, a tolerable safety profile, and correlations between higher device usage/dose and longer survival. The review also highlights promising pilot studies combining TTFields with immunotherapy and radiotherapy and ongoing studies in pediatric patients and other solid tumors.
Studied with: immunotherapy, radiotherapy.
Key findings
- TTFields is a locoregional, noninvasive, portable device that delivers alternating electric fields to tumors through arrays placed on the skin.
- Based on global pivotal randomized phase III clinical studies, TTFields therapy (Optune Gio) is FDA-approved for newly diagnosed and recurrent glioblastoma and CE-marked for grade 4 glioma.
- Multimodal mechanisms include disruption of cancer cell mitosis, inhibition of DNA replication and damage response, interference with cell motility, and enhancement of systemic adaptive immunity.
- Clinical data show efficacy in a broad range of patients with a tolerable safety profile, including high-risk subpopulations.
- New analyses confirmed that overall and progression-free survival positively correlated with increased device usage and dose of TTFields at the tumor site.
- Pilot/early phase clinical studies of TTFields with immunotherapy and with radiotherapy in newly diagnosed GBM have shown promise; new pivotal studies are planned.
- Recent and ongoing studies are evaluating TTFields in pediatric care, other CNS tumors, brain metastases, and several advanced-stage solid tumors (lung, ovarian, pancreatic, gastric, hepatic).
Limitations: This article is a narrative review rather than original research; the abstract does not present new primary numeric results.; Abstract provides no numeric effect sizes, confidence intervals, p-values, or sample sizes for the studies discussed.; Claims about broader tumor types, pediatric use, and combinations are based on pilot/early-phase studies and ongoing research and thus remain preliminary.; Potential for selection or publication bias in the reviewed literature is not addressed in the abstract.; Funding sources and potential conflicts of interest are not reported in the abstract..
The review focuses on TTFields therapy's mechanisms, clinical efficacy/safety data in glioblastoma, and exploratory uses in other CNS and solid tumors.
AI summary of the abstract, human-reviewed · Jul 2026. Describes what this study reported, not medical advice. View on PubMed · Full text
ReviewMechanismInconclusiveLimited evidenceTier 4 · clinical
Familial cancer · Aug 2024 · review
pancreatic cancer
This narrative review discusses current pancreatic surveillance and the need for better biomarkers to expand early detection beyond high-risk groups. It notes that current surveillance uses annual endoscopic ultrasound and MRI/MRCP for people with familial/genetic risk, and that accurate, inexpensive, safe biomarkers remain elusive. The authors highlight newer approaches such as personalized gene tests and artificial intelligence to integrate complex biomarker data as promising directions.
Key findings
- Pancreatic surveillance can detect early-stage pancreatic cancer and achieve long-term survival in some cases.
- Current surveillance involves annual endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) and MRI/MRCP and is recommended only for individuals who meet familial/genetic risk criteria.
- More accurate, inexpensive, and safe biomarkers are needed to improve early detection and expand access, but have so far been elusive.
- Newer approaches — gene tests to personalize biomarker interpretation and artificial intelligence to integrate complex biomarker data — offer promise for future clinically useful biomarkers.
Limitations: This is a narrative review rather than original primary data from a clinical study.; No new validated biomarkers or quantitative diagnostic performance metrics are reported in the abstract.; Recommendations are general and do not provide prospectively validated protocols for broader population screening.; Abstract does not report study methods, search strategy, or systematic review/meta-analysis methods..
AI summary of the abstract, human-reviewed · Jun 2026. Describes what this study reported, not medical advice. View on PubMed · Full text
ReviewReported positiveLimited evidenceTier 4 · clinical
Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · Jun 2024
pancreatic cancer
This is a narrative review about the role of radiotherapy combined with systemic therapy in pancreatic cancer. The authors note very poor 5-year survival (under 10%), describe current standards (surgery plus adjuvant chemotherapy for resectable disease; chemotherapy for unresectable/metastatic disease), and argue that radiotherapy alongside chemotherapy may improve outcomes though radiotherapy has no established role.
Studied with: chemotherapy, systemic treatment.
Key findings
- Five-year survival rates for pancreatic cancer do not exceed 10%.
- For resectable pancreatic cancer the mainstay of treatment is surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy.
- For unresectable and metastatic pancreatic cancers, chemotherapy remains the primary method of treatment.
- Radiotherapy has been combined with systemic treatment for about thirty years, but unlike chemotherapy it has no established place in the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
- The paper presents radiotherapy as a potentially valuable method that can improve outcomes when used alongside chemotherapy.
Limitations: Narrative review — no original clinical trial data are presented in the abstract.; Abstract provides no quantitative results or new empirical evidence from this study.; Statement that radiotherapy may improve outcomes is not supported by numeric outcomes or trial data in the abstract.; Scope and methodology of the review (search strategy, inclusion criteria) are not described in the abstract..
AI summary of the abstract, human-reviewed · Jun 2026. Describes what this study reported, not medical advice. View on PubMed · Full text
ReviewMechanismInconclusiveLimited evidenceTier 4 · clinical
Oncology reviews · Jan 2024
metastatic pancreatic cancer
This is a narrative review summarizing the molecular landscape and current treatment options for metastatic pancreatic cancer. The authors note that most patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage, options for curative surgery are usually not available, and standard management includes systemic therapy, sometimes radiotherapy, and more recently molecular targeted therapies. The abstract states that targeted therapies may positively impact cancer control and quality of life. The review does not present primary quantitative data in the abstract.
Key findings
- Pancreatic cancer is aggressive with a poor prognosis and low overall survival.
- Most patients present with non-specific symptoms and are diagnosed at advanced stages when curative surgery is generally not an option.
- Treatment of metastatic disease includes systemic therapy and, in some cases, radiotherapy.
- Molecular targeted therapies have more recently been introduced and can positively impact cancer control and quality of life, according to the authors.
- The review provides an overview of the molecular landscape and current treatment options based on recent literature.
Limitations: Narrative review without primary data reported in the abstract.; Abstract does not state that the review is systematic or describe search/methods, so selection bias is possible.; No quantitative outcomes or new clinical trial results are provided in the abstract..
AI summary of the abstract, human-reviewed · Sep 2026. Describes what this study reported, not medical advice. View on PubMed · Full text
ReviewMechanismReported positivePreclinical onlyTier 1 · lab
Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry · Jan 2024 · Review
pancreatic cancer
This review summarizes evidence that circular RNAs (circRNAs) are abnormally expressed in tumors and play roles in pancreatic cancer progression. It highlights that circRNAs can be packaged in exosomes and transferred among pancreatic cancer cells, influencing malignancy, and suggests that understanding these mechanisms could aid earlier detection and inform future therapeutic strategies.
Key findings
- circRNAs are abnormally expressed in diverse tumors, including pancreatic cancer.
- circRNAs affect tumorigenesis and progression.
- circRNAs enriched in exosomes can be transferred among pancreatic cancer cells to modulate malignancy.
- Characterizing regulatory mechanisms involving circRNAs may enable earlier detection and potential development of therapeutic strategies.
Limitations: Review article summarizing existing studies rather than presenting new experimental data.; Abstract provides no quantitative results, patient data, or methods.; Does not establish causal effects in human patients; translational implications are speculative..
AI summary of the abstract, human-reviewed · Sep 2026. Describes what this study reported, not medical advice. View on PubMed