These are reviewed studies whose abstracts concern Squamous Cervical Carcinoma. Each describes only what that study reported. This is not a claim by OncoForge that any compound helps or harms Squamous Cervical Carcinoma. Most are early lab, animal, or small human studies, and findings often conflict.
Human · observationalReported positiveLimited evidenceTier 3 · early humann = 10
BMC cancer · Dec 2024 · retrospective cohort
Trastuzumab-deruxtecan-t-dxdTrastuzumab-deruxtecanendometrial neoplasmsovarian neoplasmscervical neoplasmsuterine carcinosarcomauterine leiomyosarcomauterine serous carcinomaovarian carcinosarcomahigh-grade serous ovarian carcinomamucinous ovarian carcinomasquamous cervical carcinoma This retrospective single-center study identified 10 patients with HER2-expressing (IHC 2+/3+) recurrent or metastatic gynecological cancers who received trastuzumab deruxtecan (5.4 mg/kg IV every 3 weeks). The cohort had a median progression-free survival of 5.4 months (95% CI 0.8-9.8). Five patients had a partial response, one had stable disease at 12 weeks, and four had disease progression at initial assessment. Clinical benefit was observed mainly in tumors with HER2 IHC 3+.
Reported effects: median PFS 5.4 mo [0.8–9.8], n=10 · partial responses 5, n=10 · +2 more
Key findings
- 10 patients with recurrent/metastatic HER2-expressing gynecological malignancies were treated with T-DXd.
- Histologies included uterine neoplasms (n=5), cervical squamous carcinoma (n=1) and ovarian cancers (n=4).
- Median age was 65.4 years (25th-75th percentile, 58.1-75.2 years).
- HER2 by IHC: 5 patients were 3+ and 5 patients were 2+.
- Median number of prior therapy lines was 4 (range 2-6); 2 uterine serous carcinoma patients were pretreated with trastuzumab and 4 patients had prior immunotherapy.
- Dose: T-DXd 5.4 mg/kg IV every 3 weeks until progression/toxicity.
- Median progression-free survival (PFS) in the cohort was 5.4 months (95% CI 0.8-9.8 months).
- Responses: 5 patients had partial response (including 2 previously treated with trastuzumab), 1 patient had stable disease at 12 weeks, 4 patients had disease progression at initial assessment.
- Most patients who derived clinical benefit had HER2 IHC 3+ expression.
Limitations: Retrospective, single-center design; Very small sample size (n=10); No control or comparator arm; Heterogeneous mix of gynecologic histologies; Heavily pre-treated population limits generalizability; Limited/absent reporting of safety or adverse event data in the abstract; Potential selection and reporting bias inherent to retrospective series.
AI summary of the abstract, human-reviewed · Jun 2026. Describes what this study reported, not medical advice. View on PubMed · Full text
Human · observationalMechanismReported positiveLimited evidenceTier 3 · early humann = 169
Taiwanese journal of obstetrics & gynecology · Nov 2024 · retrospective cohort study
squamous cervical carcinoma
This retrospective cohort study examined ERα, PR (A+B) and PRB expression in tumor and stromal compartments of 169 cervical carcinoma samples. Stromal PRB expression was associated with lower 5-year cancer mortality and with lower rates of hematogenous metastasis, and remained an independent predictor of lower 5-year mortality in multivariable analysis. Adding stromal PR or PRB to FIGO stage improved survival prediction accuracy.
Reported effects: stromal PRB association with 5-year mortality, p=0.011, n=169 · stromal ERα association with hematogenous distant metastasis rates, p=0.013, n=169 · +2 more
Key findings
- ERα and PRs were predominantly expressed in the stromal compartment rather than within cervical cancer cells.
- Stromal PRB expression significantly correlated with a lower 5-year mortality because of cervical cancer (p = 0.011).
- Stromal ERα and PRB expressions correlated with lower hematogenous distant metastasis rates (p = 0.013 and p = 0.011, respectively).
- In multivariable logistic regression analyses, stromal PRB independently conferred a lower risk of 5-year mortality (p = 0.022) regardless of age, histology, FIGO stage, tumor differentiation, lymphovascular space invasion, and lymphatic and hematogenous metastases.
- Incorporation of stromal PR (A + B) and PRB expression into FIGO stage significantly enhanced the accuracy of survival prediction.
Limitations: Retrospective, observational single-center design; Correlative biomarker study that cannot establish causation; Potential subjectivity in immunohistochemical scoring by pathologists; No external validation cohort reported in the abstract; Abstract does not report effect sizes (HRs/ORs) or confidence intervals for the associations.
AI summary of the abstract, human-reviewed · Jun 2026. Describes what this study reported, not medical advice. View on PubMed
ReviewInconclusiveLimited evidenceTier 3 · early human
Japanese journal of radiology · Apr 2024 · narrative review
squamous cervical carcinoma (locally advanced, M0)
This narrative review discusses diagnostic and clinical management advances for locally advanced squamous cervical carcinoma (M0), including PET-MRI to improve staging, new radiation technologies to deliver higher doses while lowering toxicities, evolving surgical concepts, and the growing potential role of targeted therapies and immunotherapy. It summarizes emerging options in the precision radiotherapy era but does not present new experimental data.
Key findings
- PET-MRI can improve clinical staging accuracy for squamous cervical carcinoma.
- New radiation therapy technologies permit delivery of higher doses while lowering toxicities.
- New surgical concepts could contribute to overall management in this setting.
- Targeted therapies and immunotherapy are anticipated to have an increasing role in the management of locally advanced SCC.
Limitations: Narrative review (not a systematic review) with potential for subjective selection and interpretation of literature.; No original experimental or quantitative data reported in the abstract.; Abstract does not specify particular targeted agents, immunotherapies, or clinical trial results..
AI summary of the abstract, human-reviewed · Jun 2026. Describes what this study reported, not medical advice. View on PubMed
Animal studyReported positivePreclinical onlyTier 2 · animal
Immunology · Nov 2023
The study examined how activation of the PI3K pathway and PIK3CA-E545K mutation affect PD-L1 expression and CD8+ T cells in cervical cancer tissues and cell models. The authors report that PIK3CA-E545K increases PD-L1 via upregulation of IRF1 and represses CD8+ T cell differentiation. A PI3Kα-specific inhibitor activated the tumour immune microenvironment and promoted CD8+ T cell differentiation in PIK3CA-mutant xenografts, and combining the inhibitor with anti-PD-1 increased anti-tumour efficacy in cell-derived and patient-derived xenograft models. A single clinical case of complete remission with pembrolizumab in a PIK3CA-E545K patient is also described.
Studied with: anti-PD-1 antibody (pembrolizumab).
Key findings
- PD-L1 overexpression was more frequent in older women with squamous cervical carcinoma and associated with longer progression-free and overall survival (no numeric values reported in abstract).
- PIK3CA mutation (E545K) increased PD-L1 mRNA and protein levels and repressed CD8+ T cell differentiation in cervical cancer.
- PIK3CA-E545K promotes PD-L1 expression by upregulating the transcription factor IRF1 (shown by luciferase and ChIP assays).
- A PI3Kα-specific inhibitor activated the immune microenvironment, regulated PD-1/PD-L1-related pathways, and promoted CD8+ T cell differentiation and proliferation in Caski CDX models with PIK3CA-E545K mutation.
- PI3Kα inhibitor significantly enhanced the anti-tumour efficacy of PD-1 blockade in both CDX and PDX models.
- A single reported case: continuous pembrolizumab monotherapy induced complete remission in a recurrent metastatic cervical cancer patient with PIK3CA-E545K mutation (single case observation).
Limitations: Predominantly preclinical evidence: in vitro assays and mouse xenograft (CDX/PDX) models; no controlled clinical trial data presented.; Human evidence limited to correlative tissue analyses and a single patient case report; results from one patient cannot establish efficacy.; Abstract does not report sample sizes, dosing, or statistical effect sizes for findings.; Safety, toxicity, and tolerability of PI3Kα inhibitor ± anti-PD-1 not reported in abstract.; Potential selection bias and lack of randomized comparison in described experiments (not specified in abstract)..
AI summary of the abstract, human-reviewed · Jun 2026. Describes what this study reported, not medical advice. View on PubMed
Human · observationalMechanismMixed resultsLimited evidenceTier 3 · early humann = 5591
Medicine · Sep 2022 · retrospective cohort analysis of SEER database (2004-2013)
squamous cervical carcinomauterine cervical neoplasms
Researchers analyzed SEER registry data from 2004–2013 including 5,591 patients with squamous cervical carcinoma and compared Cox regression with competing-risks methods (cause-specific and sub-distribution models). Several factors (age, metastasis, AJCC stage, surgery, chemotherapy, radiation sequence with surgery, lymph node dissection, tumor size, and tumor grade) were identified as prognostic across the three methods, while results for race, radiation status, and marital status differed between models. The authors conclude that competing-risks (especially the sub-distribution model) may more accurately identify prognostic factors than conventional Cox regression.
Reported effect: sample_size 5591, n=5591
Key findings
- A total of 5591 SCC patients met the inclusion criteria.
- Univariate analysis with the cumulative incidence function was performed and significant covariates (P < .05) were included in multivariable models.
- Three methods were compared: Cox regression, cause-specific (CS) hazard model, and sub-distribution (SD) hazard model.
- Age, metastasis, American Joint Committee on Cancer stage, surgery, chemotherapy, radiation sequence with surgery, lymph node dissection, tumor size, and tumor grade were prognostic factors affecting survival in all three methods.
- Race and radiation status were prognostic in Cox regression and CS analysis but differed in the SD analysis.
- Being separated, divorced, or widowed was an independent prognostic factor in Cox regression, but results differed in CS and SD analyses.
- The authors suggest the SD competing-risks model may be better suited to estimate clinical prognosis and that SD results were close to CS analysis.
Limitations: Retrospective registry-based analysis (SEER) subject to limitations of observational data.; Potential for unmeasured confounding and coding/misclassification in registry data.; Prognostic associations cannot establish causality..
AI summary of the abstract, human-reviewed · Jun 2026. Describes what this study reported, not medical advice. View on PubMed · Full text
Human · observationalMechanismReported positiveLimited evidenceTier 3 · early humann = 472
Frontiers in oncology · Apr 2022
squamous cervical carcinoma
This observational study analyzed 472 stage IB-IIA squamous cervical cancer patients after initial treatment to examine how primary recurrence patterns relate to prognosis. Median follow-up was 59.1 months; 5-year overall survival was 33.7% and median overall survival was 24.0 months. Nodal recurrence had higher overall survival than organ recurrence (38.3% vs 30.7%, P = 0.001). Several clinicopathological features (recurrence subtype, therapy for relapse, FIGO stage, adjuvant radiotherapy, preoperative SCC-Ag, and risk subgroup) were independently associated with overall survival and a prognostic nomogram was generated.
Reported effects: median follow-up 59.1 mo, n=472 · 5-year overall survival (OS) 33.7%, n=472 · +9 more
Key findings
- A total of 472 patients were included; median follow-up 59.1 months, 5-year OS 33.7%, median OS 24.0 months.
- Overall, 38.8% of patients had locoregional recurrence and 61.2% had distant metastasis; survival rates were comparable between these groups.
- Patients with nodal recurrence had better OS than those with organ recurrence (38.3% vs 30.7%; P = 0.001).
- Patients not receiving adjuvant radiotherapy were reported to have increased risk of pelvic recurrence (OR = 0.148; 95% CI: 0.075-0.291; P = 0.000).
- Positive lymph-vascular space invasion was associated with increased risk of distant metastasis (OR = 1.928; 95% CI: 1.151-3.229; P = 0.013).
- No chemotherapy was associated with risk of distant metastasis (OR = 0.521; 95% CI: 0.317-0.733; P = 0.040).
- Positive lymph node status after initial treatment was associated with nodal recurrence (OR = 3.729; 95% CI: 1.838-7.563; P = 0.000).
- Elevated preoperative SCC-Ag levels were associated with organ recurrence (OR = 1.642; 95% CI: 1.325-2.265; P = 0.002).
- Recurrence subtype, therapy for relapse, FIGO stage, adjuvant radiotherapy, preoperative SCC-Ag levels, and risk subgroup were independently associated with overall survival; a prognostic nomogram was generated.
Limitations: Observational human cohort (causality cannot be inferred).; Study design (prospective vs retrospective, single- vs multi-center) is not specified in the abstract.; Potential for unmeasured confounding and selection bias inherent to observational analyses.; Nomogram generation is reported but external validation is not described in the abstract..
AI summary of the abstract, human-reviewed · Jun 2026. Describes what this study reported, not medical advice. View on PubMed · Full text
Human · observationalMechanismReported positiveLimited evidenceTier 3 · early human
Journal of clinical medicine · Jan 2021 · bioinformatic analysis of TCGA genomic data comparing squamous cervical carcinomas with and without PIK3CA mutations
squamous cervical carcinoma
The authors analyzed publicly available TCGA data to characterize PIK3CA mutations in squamous cervical carcinomas. They found PIK3CA mutations in 27.1% of cases and that PIK3CA-mutated tumors have higher tumor mutation burden and more frequent co-mutations in RTK/K-RAS/BRAF/MAPK and Wnt/β-catenin pathway genes. The authors suggest these findings could point to opportunities for PI3K-directed and immunotherapy approaches, but no clinical testing was reported.
Reported effect: PIK3CA mutation frequency 27.1%
Key findings
- PIK3CA mutations were observed in 27.1% of squamous cervical cancers.
- PIK3CA was the most frequently mutated gene in these cancers.
- PIK3CA-mutated cervical cancers showed higher rates of mutations in other cancer-associated pathways, including tyrosine kinase receptors/K-RAS/BRAF/MAPK and Wnt/β-catenin pathways.
- PIK3CA-mutated cervical cancers displayed a higher tumor mutation burden (TMB) than non-mutated cancers.
- Authors propose that frequent PIK3CA mutations may represent opportunities for development of PI3K inhibitors and that increased TMB may confer immunotherapy sensitivity (hypothesis only).
Limitations: Analysis uses retrospective, publicly available TCGA data (observational genomic analysis).; Sample size is not reported in the abstract.; No functional validation or experimental/clinical testing of targeted therapies or immunotherapy sensitivity was reported.; No clinical outcome or treatment-response data are provided in the abstract to link mutations with prognosis or therapeutic benefit.; Possible selection biases and limitations inherent to TCGA cohort (not detailed in abstract)..
AI summary of the abstract, human-reviewed · Jun 2026. Describes what this study reported, not medical advice. View on PubMed · Full text
Case reportInconclusiveLimited evidenceTier 3 · early humann = 1
Ceska gynekologie · Jan 2018 · case report
squamous cervical carcinoma (stage IB1)endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the uterusserous borderline tumor of the left ovary (with non-invasive implants)borderline ovarian tumor
This single-patient case report describes a 64-year-old woman planned for laparoscopic radical hysterectomy for confirmed stage IB1 squamous cervical carcinoma. Surgery was converted to laparotomy after unexpected findings of a left ovarian borderline tumor and tiny peritoneal implants; the patient underwent radical abdominal hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, omentectomy, appendectomy, pelvic lymphadenectomy and peritonectomy. Final histology showed three distinct neoplasms: endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the uterus, a serous borderline tumor of the left ovary with non-invasive implants, and no residual cervical carcinoma.
Key findings
- Patient: 64-year-old female with confirmed squamous cervical carcinoma stage IB1 who was scheduled for total laparoscopic radical hysterectomy.
- Intraoperative finding prompted conversion to laparotomy because of an unexpected left ovarian malignancy and tiny implants on the uterus and pelvic walls.
- Performed procedures: radical abdominal hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, omentectomy, appendectomy, pelvic lymphadenectomy and peritonectomy.
- Definitive postoperative histology: endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the uterus, serous left ovary borderline tumor with non-invasive implants, and no residual tumor of the cervical carcinoma.
- Authors state this is the first reported case of three simultaneous gynecologic tumors ('tumor triplicity') at one time.
Limitations: Single-case report (n=1) — results are not generalizable.; No long-term follow-up or outcomes reported (oncologic outcomes, recurrence, survival absent).; No molecular, genetic, or pathological detail beyond histologic diagnoses provided.; No comparison group or systematic data — descriptive only..
AI summary of the abstract, human-reviewed · Jun 2026. Describes what this study reported, not medical advice. View on PubMed
Human · observationalMechanismMixed resultsLimited evidenceTier 3 · early humann = 380
Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · Dec 2015 · retrospective analysis
early-stage squamous cervical carcinoma
This retrospective study analyzed 380 patients with early-stage squamous cervical carcinoma to assess associations between preoperative hemoglobin and platelet levels and pathological features and survival. Low hemoglobin (<120 g/L) was associated with worse overall survival and was an independent risk factor on Cox regression. High platelet count (>300×10^9/L) was associated with adverse pathological features (higher stage, larger tumor diameter, lymphatic metastasis) but was not significantly associated with overall survival alone; the subgroup with both high platelets and low hemoglobin had significantly worse survival.
Reported effects: total_sample_size 380, n=380 · Number of patients by PLT group 69, p P<0.05, n=380 · +5 more
Key findings
- Of 380 patients, 69 had PLT levels >300×10^9/L and 311 had PLT levels ≤300×10^9/L; these PLT groups differed significantly in tumor staging, tumor diameter, and lymphatic metastasis (P<0.05).
- 134 patients had HGB levels <120 g/L and 246 had HGB levels ≥120 g/L; these HGB groups differed significantly in tumor staging, extent of differentiation, and lymphatic metastasis (P<0.05).
- Overall survival was lower in the PLT >300×10^9/L group than in the PLT ≤300×10^9/L group, but this difference was not statistically significant.
- Overall survival was significantly lower in the HGB <120 g/L group than in the HGB ≥120 g/L group (P<0.05).
- The group with PLT >300×10^9/L and HGB <120 g/L had significantly lower overall survival than the group with PLT ≤300×10^9/L and HGB ≤120 g/L (P<0.05).
- Cox regression identified pre-operative HGB <120 g/L as an independent risk factor for prognosis.
Limitations: Retrospective observational design with potential for selection bias and unmeasured confounding.; No hazard ratios, confidence intervals, or absolute survival rates were reported in the abstract.; Details of covariates included in the Cox regression are not specified in the abstract.; Findings are from a single retrospective cohort and may lack external validation..
AI summary of the abstract, human-reviewed · Jun 2026. Describes what this study reported, not medical advice. View on PubMed · Full text
Human trialTrialReported positiveLimited evidenceTier 4 · clinicaln = 92
European journal of cancer (Oxford, England : 1990) · Mar 2013 · Phase II multicenter, single-arm neoadjuvant chemotherapy trial
TopotecanCisplatinsquamous cervical carcinomaadenosquamous cervical carcinomalocally-advanced cervical cancer (FIGO IB2, IIA, IIB) This phase II multicenter study enrolled 92 patients with locally advanced squamous or adenosquamous cervical cancer who received six weekly courses of topotecan (2 mg/m2) plus cisplatin (40 mg/m2) as neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The regimen was deliverable (96% completed six courses; 95% of courses given at full dose) and produced a clinical response rate of 77% and an overall pathologic response in 67% (optimal response 32%, downstaging 57%). Grade 3-4 hematologic toxicity occurred in 28% of patients, supportive therapies were given to 24%, and with median follow-up 18 months, 76% were alive and recurrence-free while 24% relapsed and 13% died.
Reported effects: treatment_completion 96%, n=92 · full_dose_course_percentage 95%, n=92 · +13 more
Studied with: cisplatin.
Key findings
- 96% of patients completed the six planned courses of chemotherapy.
- 95% of courses were administered at a full dose and without interruption or delay.
- Grade 3-4 haematological toxicity was observed in 28% of patients (5% out of cycles).
- Support therapies were given to 24% of patients.
- Clinical response rate was 77%.
- Overall pathologic response observed in 67% of patients.
- Optimal pathologic response rate was 32%.
- Disease downstage occurred in 57% of patients.
- Nodal metastases occurred in 36% of patients.
- Adjuvant radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy was prescribed in 55% of patients.
- Median follow-up was 18 months; 76% alive and free from recurrence, 24% relapsed, 13% died.
Limitations: Single-arm Phase II design with no randomized or concurrent control group; Relatively short median follow-up (18 months) for survival outcomes; Adjuvant therapy was given to 55% of patients, which may confound interpretation of longer-term outcomes; Sample size (n=92) limits precision of survival and subgroup estimates; Endpoints are primarily response and short-term outcomes rather than long-term randomized efficacy.
AI summary of the abstract, human-reviewed · Jun 2026. Describes what this study reported, not medical advice. View on PubMed
Human · observationalMechanismReported positiveLimited evidenceTier 3 · early humann = 39
Obstetrics and gynecology international · Jan 2010 · case-control
squamous cervical carcinoma
The authors measured serum MMP-9, MMP-2-TIMP-2 complex, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2 by ELISA in 12 patients with squamous cervical carcinoma and 27 healthy volunteers. They found that median serum TIMP-2 and MMP-2-TIMP-2 complex levels were lower in patients than in healthy controls, with the TIMP-2 difference reported as statistically significant. The paper reports an association between lower circulating TIMP-2 / MMP-2-TIMP-2 complex levels and squamous cervical carcinoma in this sample.
Reported effects: serum TIMP-2 (median) 136, p < .000, n=39 · serum proMMP2-TIMP2 complex, p < .006, n=39
Key findings
- Serum TIMP-2 values decreased significantly from healthy controls (median 323 mug/l, range 305-342 mug/l) to malignant (median 136 mug/l, range 120-151 mug/l) squamous cervical carcinoma patients (P < .000).
- Serum proMMP2-TIMP2 complex values decreased from control patients to squamous cervical carcinoma patients (P < .006).
- MMP-9 and TIMP-1 were analyzed by ELISA, but the abstract reports the primary between-group differences for TIMP-2 and MMP-2-TIMP-2 complex.
Limitations: Small sample size (12 patients, 27 controls).; Cross-sectional / case-control design with single timepoint serum measurements.; Abstract gives limited clinical detail (no tumor stage, treatment status, or potential confounder adjustment reported).; No longitudinal data or assessment of clinical outcomes (prognosis, metastasis) provided in the abstract..
AI summary of the abstract, human-reviewed · Jun 2026. Describes what this study reported, not medical advice. View on PubMed · Full text
Human · observationalMechanismReported positiveLimited evidenceTier 3 · early humann = 129
International journal of gynecological cancer : official journal of the International Gynecological Cancer Society · Mar 2006 · retrospective histopathology review
squamous cervical carcinomacervical microinvasive carcinoma
This retrospective review examined hysterectomy specimens from 129 women with microinvasive squamous cervical carcinoma who had high-grade lesions or invasive carcinoma at cone margins. 59.7% had residual disease, 44.2% had residual high-grade lesions, and 15.5% had residual invasive carcinoma. Positive postconization endocervical curettage, positive cone margins for invasive carcinoma, and stromal invasion depth >1 mm were significantly associated with residual disease; positive cone margins predicted residual invasive disease in Cox analysis (HR 3.22, 95% CI 1.21-8.60, P=0.019). The authors recommend repeat cone biopsy to determine lesion severity before planning treatment.
Reported effects: residual disease prevalence 59.7%, n=129 · residual high-grade lesions prevalence 44.2%, n=129 · +5 more
Key findings
- Of the 129 patients, 77 (59.7%) had residual disease in the hysterectomy specimens.
- 57 (44.2%) had residual high-grade lesions.
- Twenty patients (15.5%) had residual invasive carcinoma: 18 were microinvasive and 2 were invasive.
- Factors significantly affecting the risk of residual disease included positive postconization endocervical curettage (P= 0.001), positive cone margins for invasive carcinoma (P= 0.003), and depth of stromal invasion >1 mm (P= 0.014).
- Cox proportional hazards analysis revealed positive cone margins for invasive carcinoma as significant predictor of residual invasive disease (hazard ratio, 3.22; 95% CI 1.21-8.60, P= 0.019).
- Authors recommend repeat cone biopsy to determine lesion severity before planning treatment.
Limitations: Retrospective study design.; Study includes only patients who proceeded to hysterectomy after cone biopsy, creating selection bias.; Moderate sample size (n=129).; Abstract does not report adjustment for potential confounders beyond the Cox model or long-term clinical outcomes..
AI summary of the abstract, human-reviewed · Jun 2026. Describes what this study reported, not medical advice. View on PubMed