These are reviewed studies whose abstracts concern Squamous Cervical Carcinoma. Each describes only what that study reported. This is not a claim by OncoForge that any compound helps or harms Squamous Cervical Carcinoma. Most are early lab, animal, or small human studies, and findings often conflict.
Human · observationalReported positiveLimited evidenceTier 3 · early humann = 10
BMC cancer · Dec 2024 · retrospective cohort
Trastuzumab-deruxtecan-t-dxdTrastuzumab-deruxtecanendometrial neoplasmsovarian neoplasmscervical neoplasmsuterine carcinosarcomauterine leiomyosarcomauterine serous carcinomaovarian carcinosarcomahigh-grade serous ovarian carcinomamucinous ovarian carcinomasquamous cervical carcinoma This retrospective single-center study identified 10 patients with HER2-expressing (IHC 2+/3+) recurrent or metastatic gynecological cancers who received trastuzumab deruxtecan (5.4 mg/kg IV every 3 weeks). The cohort had a median progression-free survival of 5.4 months (95% CI 0.8-9.8). Five patients had a partial response, one had stable disease at 12 weeks, and four had disease progression at initial assessment. Clinical benefit was observed mainly in tumors with HER2 IHC 3+.
Reported effects: median PFS 5.4 mo [0.8–9.8], n=10 · partial responses 5, n=10 · +2 more
Key findings
- 10 patients with recurrent/metastatic HER2-expressing gynecological malignancies were treated with T-DXd.
- Histologies included uterine neoplasms (n=5), cervical squamous carcinoma (n=1) and ovarian cancers (n=4).
- Median age was 65.4 years (25th-75th percentile, 58.1-75.2 years).
- HER2 by IHC: 5 patients were 3+ and 5 patients were 2+.
- Median number of prior therapy lines was 4 (range 2-6); 2 uterine serous carcinoma patients were pretreated with trastuzumab and 4 patients had prior immunotherapy.
- Dose: T-DXd 5.4 mg/kg IV every 3 weeks until progression/toxicity.
- Median progression-free survival (PFS) in the cohort was 5.4 months (95% CI 0.8-9.8 months).
- Responses: 5 patients had partial response (including 2 previously treated with trastuzumab), 1 patient had stable disease at 12 weeks, 4 patients had disease progression at initial assessment.
- Most patients who derived clinical benefit had HER2 IHC 3+ expression.
Limitations: Retrospective, single-center design; Very small sample size (n=10); No control or comparator arm; Heterogeneous mix of gynecologic histologies; Heavily pre-treated population limits generalizability; Limited/absent reporting of safety or adverse event data in the abstract; Potential selection and reporting bias inherent to retrospective series.
AI summary of the abstract, human-reviewed · Jun 2026. Describes what this study reported, not medical advice. View on PubMed · Full text
Human · observationalMechanismReported positiveLimited evidenceTier 3 · early humann = 169
Taiwanese journal of obstetrics & gynecology · Nov 2024 · retrospective cohort study
squamous cervical carcinoma
This retrospective cohort study examined ERα, PR (A+B) and PRB expression in tumor and stromal compartments of 169 cervical carcinoma samples. Stromal PRB expression was associated with lower 5-year cancer mortality and with lower rates of hematogenous metastasis, and remained an independent predictor of lower 5-year mortality in multivariable analysis. Adding stromal PR or PRB to FIGO stage improved survival prediction accuracy.
Reported effects: stromal PRB association with 5-year mortality, p=0.011, n=169 · stromal ERα association with hematogenous distant metastasis rates, p=0.013, n=169 · +2 more
Key findings
- ERα and PRs were predominantly expressed in the stromal compartment rather than within cervical cancer cells.
- Stromal PRB expression significantly correlated with a lower 5-year mortality because of cervical cancer (p = 0.011).
- Stromal ERα and PRB expressions correlated with lower hematogenous distant metastasis rates (p = 0.013 and p = 0.011, respectively).
- In multivariable logistic regression analyses, stromal PRB independently conferred a lower risk of 5-year mortality (p = 0.022) regardless of age, histology, FIGO stage, tumor differentiation, lymphovascular space invasion, and lymphatic and hematogenous metastases.
- Incorporation of stromal PR (A + B) and PRB expression into FIGO stage significantly enhanced the accuracy of survival prediction.
Limitations: Retrospective, observational single-center design; Correlative biomarker study that cannot establish causation; Potential subjectivity in immunohistochemical scoring by pathologists; No external validation cohort reported in the abstract; Abstract does not report effect sizes (HRs/ORs) or confidence intervals for the associations.
AI summary of the abstract, human-reviewed · Jun 2026. Describes what this study reported, not medical advice. View on PubMed
ReviewInconclusiveLimited evidenceTier 3 · early human
Japanese journal of radiology · Apr 2024 · narrative review
squamous cervical carcinoma (locally advanced, M0)
This narrative review discusses diagnostic and clinical management advances for locally advanced squamous cervical carcinoma (M0), including PET-MRI to improve staging, new radiation technologies to deliver higher doses while lowering toxicities, evolving surgical concepts, and the growing potential role of targeted therapies and immunotherapy. It summarizes emerging options in the precision radiotherapy era but does not present new experimental data.
Key findings
- PET-MRI can improve clinical staging accuracy for squamous cervical carcinoma.
- New radiation therapy technologies permit delivery of higher doses while lowering toxicities.
- New surgical concepts could contribute to overall management in this setting.
- Targeted therapies and immunotherapy are anticipated to have an increasing role in the management of locally advanced SCC.
Limitations: Narrative review (not a systematic review) with potential for subjective selection and interpretation of literature.; No original experimental or quantitative data reported in the abstract.; Abstract does not specify particular targeted agents, immunotherapies, or clinical trial results..
AI summary of the abstract, human-reviewed · Jun 2026. Describes what this study reported, not medical advice. View on PubMed
Animal studyReported positivePreclinical onlyTier 2 · animal
Immunology · Nov 2023
The study examined how activation of the PI3K pathway and PIK3CA-E545K mutation affect PD-L1 expression and CD8+ T cells in cervical cancer tissues and cell models. The authors report that PIK3CA-E545K increases PD-L1 via upregulation of IRF1 and represses CD8+ T cell differentiation. A PI3Kα-specific inhibitor activated the tumour immune microenvironment and promoted CD8+ T cell differentiation in PIK3CA-mutant xenografts, and combining the inhibitor with anti-PD-1 increased anti-tumour efficacy in cell-derived and patient-derived xenograft models. A single clinical case of complete remission with pembrolizumab in a PIK3CA-E545K patient is also described.
Studied with: anti-PD-1 antibody (pembrolizumab).
Key findings
- PD-L1 overexpression was more frequent in older women with squamous cervical carcinoma and associated with longer progression-free and overall survival (no numeric values reported in abstract).
- PIK3CA mutation (E545K) increased PD-L1 mRNA and protein levels and repressed CD8+ T cell differentiation in cervical cancer.
- PIK3CA-E545K promotes PD-L1 expression by upregulating the transcription factor IRF1 (shown by luciferase and ChIP assays).
- A PI3Kα-specific inhibitor activated the immune microenvironment, regulated PD-1/PD-L1-related pathways, and promoted CD8+ T cell differentiation and proliferation in Caski CDX models with PIK3CA-E545K mutation.
- PI3Kα inhibitor significantly enhanced the anti-tumour efficacy of PD-1 blockade in both CDX and PDX models.
- A single reported case: continuous pembrolizumab monotherapy induced complete remission in a recurrent metastatic cervical cancer patient with PIK3CA-E545K mutation (single case observation).
Limitations: Predominantly preclinical evidence: in vitro assays and mouse xenograft (CDX/PDX) models; no controlled clinical trial data presented.; Human evidence limited to correlative tissue analyses and a single patient case report; results from one patient cannot establish efficacy.; Abstract does not report sample sizes, dosing, or statistical effect sizes for findings.; Safety, toxicity, and tolerability of PI3Kα inhibitor ± anti-PD-1 not reported in abstract.; Potential selection bias and lack of randomized comparison in described experiments (not specified in abstract)..
AI summary of the abstract, human-reviewed · Jun 2026. Describes what this study reported, not medical advice. View on PubMed
Human · observationalMechanismMixed resultsLimited evidenceTier 3 · early humann = 5591
Medicine · Sep 2022 · retrospective cohort analysis of SEER database (2004-2013)
squamous cervical carcinomauterine cervical neoplasms
Researchers analyzed SEER registry data from 2004–2013 including 5,591 patients with squamous cervical carcinoma and compared Cox regression with competing-risks methods (cause-specific and sub-distribution models). Several factors (age, metastasis, AJCC stage, surgery, chemotherapy, radiation sequence with surgery, lymph node dissection, tumor size, and tumor grade) were identified as prognostic across the three methods, while results for race, radiation status, and marital status differed between models. The authors conclude that competing-risks (especially the sub-distribution model) may more accurately identify prognostic factors than conventional Cox regression.
Reported effect: sample_size 5591, n=5591
Key findings
- A total of 5591 SCC patients met the inclusion criteria.
- Univariate analysis with the cumulative incidence function was performed and significant covariates (P < .05) were included in multivariable models.
- Three methods were compared: Cox regression, cause-specific (CS) hazard model, and sub-distribution (SD) hazard model.
- Age, metastasis, American Joint Committee on Cancer stage, surgery, chemotherapy, radiation sequence with surgery, lymph node dissection, tumor size, and tumor grade were prognostic factors affecting survival in all three methods.
- Race and radiation status were prognostic in Cox regression and CS analysis but differed in the SD analysis.
- Being separated, divorced, or widowed was an independent prognostic factor in Cox regression, but results differed in CS and SD analyses.
- The authors suggest the SD competing-risks model may be better suited to estimate clinical prognosis and that SD results were close to CS analysis.
Limitations: Retrospective registry-based analysis (SEER) subject to limitations of observational data.; Potential for unmeasured confounding and coding/misclassification in registry data.; Prognostic associations cannot establish causality..
AI summary of the abstract, human-reviewed · Jun 2026. Describes what this study reported, not medical advice. View on PubMed · Full text
Human · observationalMechanismReported positiveLimited evidenceTier 3 · early humann = 472
Frontiers in oncology · Apr 2022
squamous cervical carcinoma
This observational study analyzed 472 stage IB-IIA squamous cervical cancer patients after initial treatment to examine how primary recurrence patterns relate to prognosis. Median follow-up was 59.1 months; 5-year overall survival was 33.7% and median overall survival was 24.0 months. Nodal recurrence had higher overall survival than organ recurrence (38.3% vs 30.7%, P = 0.001). Several clinicopathological features (recurrence subtype, therapy for relapse, FIGO stage, adjuvant radiotherapy, preoperative SCC-Ag, and risk subgroup) were independently associated with overall survival and a prognostic nomogram was generated.
Reported effects: median follow-up 59.1 mo, n=472 · 5-year overall survival (OS) 33.7%, n=472 · +9 more
Key findings
- A total of 472 patients were included; median follow-up 59.1 months, 5-year OS 33.7%, median OS 24.0 months.
- Overall, 38.8% of patients had locoregional recurrence and 61.2% had distant metastasis; survival rates were comparable between these groups.
- Patients with nodal recurrence had better OS than those with organ recurrence (38.3% vs 30.7%; P = 0.001).
- Patients not receiving adjuvant radiotherapy were reported to have increased risk of pelvic recurrence (OR = 0.148; 95% CI: 0.075-0.291; P = 0.000).
- Positive lymph-vascular space invasion was associated with increased risk of distant metastasis (OR = 1.928; 95% CI: 1.151-3.229; P = 0.013).
- No chemotherapy was associated with risk of distant metastasis (OR = 0.521; 95% CI: 0.317-0.733; P = 0.040).
- Positive lymph node status after initial treatment was associated with nodal recurrence (OR = 3.729; 95% CI: 1.838-7.563; P = 0.000).
- Elevated preoperative SCC-Ag levels were associated with organ recurrence (OR = 1.642; 95% CI: 1.325-2.265; P = 0.002).
- Recurrence subtype, therapy for relapse, FIGO stage, adjuvant radiotherapy, preoperative SCC-Ag levels, and risk subgroup were independently associated with overall survival; a prognostic nomogram was generated.
Limitations: Observational human cohort (causality cannot be inferred).; Study design (prospective vs retrospective, single- vs multi-center) is not specified in the abstract.; Potential for unmeasured confounding and selection bias inherent to observational analyses.; Nomogram generation is reported but external validation is not described in the abstract..
AI summary of the abstract, human-reviewed · Jun 2026. Describes what this study reported, not medical advice. View on PubMed · Full text
Animal studyMechanismReported positivePreclinical onlyTier 2 · animal
Cancer cell international · Mar 2021 · Molecular and cellular biology study using RNA-Seq, in vitro migration/invasion assays, luciferase reporter assay, chromatin immunoprecipitation, transient transfection rescue experiments, in vivo metastasis experiments, and correlation analysis of human tumor samples.
cervical cancersquamous cervical carcinoma
The authors examined how the transcription factor Slug affects epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in cervical cancer. They found that Slug overexpression in cervical cancer cells reduced EpCAM expression by binding E-boxes in the EpCAM promoter, that restoring EpCAM reduced cell motility and increased cell growth in Slug-overexpressing cells, and that Slug and EpCAM levels were negatively correlated in human squamous cervical carcinoma samples. The data included in vitro experiments, in vivo metastasis models, and analysis of human tumor samples.
Key findings
- RNA-Seq showed epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) was significantly decreased in Slug-overexpressing SiHa cells.
- An absence of EpCAM expression was observed in Slug-overexpressing cells.
- Slug trans-suppresses EpCAM via binding to E-boxes in the proximal EpCAM promoter, demonstrated by luciferase reporter assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation.
- Restoring EpCAM in Slug-overexpressing cells by transient transfection of an EpCAM plasmid attenuated cell motility and promoted cell growth.
- A negative correlation between Slug and EpCAM expression in human squamous cervical carcinoma samples was verified by Pearson correlation analysis.
Limitations: Abstract provides no sample sizes or detailed methods for the in vivo metastasis experiments.; Causal relationships in human tumor samples are associative (Pearson correlation) and do not prove causation.; Rescue experiments used transient transfection, which is short-term and may not reflect stable modulation.; Species used in the in vivo experiments are not specified in the abstract.; Findings are preclinical (cell lines, animal model, and correlative human data) and do not demonstrate clinical efficacy..
AI summary of the abstract, human-reviewed · Sep 2026. Describes what this study reported, not medical advice. View on PubMed · Full text
Human · observationalMechanismReported positiveLimited evidenceTier 3 · early human
Journal of clinical medicine · Jan 2021 · bioinformatic analysis of TCGA genomic data comparing squamous cervical carcinomas with and without PIK3CA mutations
squamous cervical carcinoma
The authors analyzed publicly available TCGA data to characterize PIK3CA mutations in squamous cervical carcinomas. They found PIK3CA mutations in 27.1% of cases and that PIK3CA-mutated tumors have higher tumor mutation burden and more frequent co-mutations in RTK/K-RAS/BRAF/MAPK and Wnt/β-catenin pathway genes. The authors suggest these findings could point to opportunities for PI3K-directed and immunotherapy approaches, but no clinical testing was reported.
Reported effect: PIK3CA mutation frequency 27.1%
Key findings
- PIK3CA mutations were observed in 27.1% of squamous cervical cancers.
- PIK3CA was the most frequently mutated gene in these cancers.
- PIK3CA-mutated cervical cancers showed higher rates of mutations in other cancer-associated pathways, including tyrosine kinase receptors/K-RAS/BRAF/MAPK and Wnt/β-catenin pathways.
- PIK3CA-mutated cervical cancers displayed a higher tumor mutation burden (TMB) than non-mutated cancers.
- Authors propose that frequent PIK3CA mutations may represent opportunities for development of PI3K inhibitors and that increased TMB may confer immunotherapy sensitivity (hypothesis only).
Limitations: Analysis uses retrospective, publicly available TCGA data (observational genomic analysis).; Sample size is not reported in the abstract.; No functional validation or experimental/clinical testing of targeted therapies or immunotherapy sensitivity was reported.; No clinical outcome or treatment-response data are provided in the abstract to link mutations with prognosis or therapeutic benefit.; Possible selection biases and limitations inherent to TCGA cohort (not detailed in abstract)..
AI summary of the abstract, human-reviewed · Jun 2026. Describes what this study reported, not medical advice. View on PubMed · Full text
Human · observationalMechanismReported positiveLimited evidenceTier 3 · early humann = 307
Life sciences · Sep 2019 · bioinformatic analysis of TCGA cohort and small methylation profiling
cervical cancersquamous cervical carcinoma
The authors analyzed genome-wide DNA methylation in six cervical cancer samples and RNA‑seq plus survival data from 307 TCGA cervical cancer cases to identify methylation‑altered long noncoding RNAs. They found thousands of differentially methylated CpG sites and hundreds of differentially expressed lncRNAs, and identified SOX21‑AS1 as a methylation‑changed lncRNA whose expression had prognostic value by Kaplan‑Meier analysis. Gene set enrichment analysis suggested SOX21‑AS1 is involved in multiple cellular processes and may suppress cervical tumorigenesis.
Reported effects: hypermethylated_CpG_sites 3962 · hypomethylated_CpG_sites 4484 · +4 more
Key findings
- Methylation mapping identified 3962 hypermethylated CpG sites and 4484 hypomethylated CpG sites in cervical cancer (|Δβ| ≥ 0.20).
- lncRNA expression analysis found 363 upregulated and 664 downregulated lncRNAs (log2 fold change ≥ 1.00) in squamous cervical carcinoma samples.
- Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and Venn diagram highlighted lncRNA MAGI2-AS3, lncRNA WT1-AS and lncRNA SOX21-AS1 as important methylation‑changed lncRNAs.
- Kaplan‑Meier survival curves showed only lncRNA SOX21‑AS1 had clinical prognostic value in cervical cancer.
- Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) suggested SOX21‑AS1 is involved in multiple cellular processes and might significantly suppress cervical tumorigenesis.
Limitations: Genome-wide DNA methylation profiling was performed on only 6 samples, a very small sample for methylation discovery.; Primary analyses are bioinformatic/observational (TCGA and small sample set) with no reported experimental functional validation in vitro or in vivo.; Prognostic association from Kaplan‑Meier analysis is correlative and does not establish causation.; Findings rely on TCGA cohort and may need independent external validation..
AI summary of the abstract, human-reviewed · Sep 2026. Describes what this study reported, not medical advice. View on PubMed
Human · observationalMechanismReported negativeLimited evidenceTier 3 · early humann = 150
BMC medical genetics · Jun 2019 · case-control study
cervical intraepithelial neoplasiasquamous cervical carcinomacervical cancer
This case-control study genotyped the MTHFR C677T polymorphism in 150 cervical tissue samples from Brazilian women (30 controls with cervicitis and 30 each with CIN I, II, III and SCC) and tested for HPV infection. The overall genotype frequencies were CC 72.7%, CT 23.3% and TT 4.0% and the T allele frequency was 15.7%. The authors found no statistically significant association between MTHFR C677T and pre-neoplastic or neoplastic cervical lesions, nor between the polymorphism and HPV infection (including hr-HPV and HPV16).
Reported effects: MTHFR CC genotype frequency 72.7%, n=109 · MTHFR CT genotype frequency 23.3%, n=35 · +3 more
Key findings
- Frequency of MTHFR CC genotype was 72.7% (n = 109), CT 23.3% (n = 35) and TT 4.0% (n = 6).
- Polymorphic T allele frequency was 15.7%.
- Similar frequencies of T allele was observed in control (23.3%) and cases (13.3%) groups (p = 0.174).
- No statistically significant association was observed between MTHFR C677T polymorphism and presence of pre-neoplastic or neoplastic cervical lesions.
- No statistically significant association was observed between MTHFR C677T polymorphism and viral infection, including hr-HPV and HPV 16 positivity.
Limitations: Modest sample size (n = 150) which may limit statistical power.; Case-control design limits causal inference.; Study assessed only a single polymorphism (MTHFR C677T).; Abstract does not report adjustment for potential confounders or a power calculation.; Study population limited to Brazilian women, which may limit generalizability..
AI summary of the abstract, human-reviewed · Sep 2026. Describes what this study reported, not medical advice. View on PubMed · Full text
Case reportInconclusiveLimited evidenceTier 3 · early humann = 1
Ceska gynekologie · Jan 2018 · case report
squamous cervical carcinoma (stage IB1)endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the uterusserous borderline tumor of the left ovary (with non-invasive implants)borderline ovarian tumor
This single-patient case report describes a 64-year-old woman planned for laparoscopic radical hysterectomy for confirmed stage IB1 squamous cervical carcinoma. Surgery was converted to laparotomy after unexpected findings of a left ovarian borderline tumor and tiny peritoneal implants; the patient underwent radical abdominal hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, omentectomy, appendectomy, pelvic lymphadenectomy and peritonectomy. Final histology showed three distinct neoplasms: endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the uterus, a serous borderline tumor of the left ovary with non-invasive implants, and no residual cervical carcinoma.
Key findings
- Patient: 64-year-old female with confirmed squamous cervical carcinoma stage IB1 who was scheduled for total laparoscopic radical hysterectomy.
- Intraoperative finding prompted conversion to laparotomy because of an unexpected left ovarian malignancy and tiny implants on the uterus and pelvic walls.
- Performed procedures: radical abdominal hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, omentectomy, appendectomy, pelvic lymphadenectomy and peritonectomy.
- Definitive postoperative histology: endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the uterus, serous left ovary borderline tumor with non-invasive implants, and no residual tumor of the cervical carcinoma.
- Authors state this is the first reported case of three simultaneous gynecologic tumors ('tumor triplicity') at one time.
Limitations: Single-case report (n=1) — results are not generalizable.; No long-term follow-up or outcomes reported (oncologic outcomes, recurrence, survival absent).; No molecular, genetic, or pathological detail beyond histologic diagnoses provided.; No comparison group or systematic data — descriptive only..
AI summary of the abstract, human-reviewed · Jun 2026. Describes what this study reported, not medical advice. View on PubMed
Animal studyMechanismReported positivePreclinical onlyTier 2 · animaln = 94
PloS one · May 2017
cervical cancersquamous cervical carcinomahigh-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion
The authors measured Tafazzin (TAZ) protein in normal cervix, HSIL, and squamous cervical carcinoma and found progressively higher expression. They manipulated TAZ in cervical cancer cell lines and observed that TAZ expression was associated with increased cell growth/viability in vitro and increased tumor-forming ability in mouse xenografts, and that TAZ was associated with reduced apoptosis and lower levels of cleaved Caspase-9 and -3.
Key findings
- TAZ protein expression gradually increased from normal cervical tissue (NC, n = 27) to HSIL (n = 26) to squamous cervical carcinoma (SCC, n = 41) by immunohistochemistry.
- TAZ was overexpressed or down-regulated in cervical cancer cells by stable transfection of a TAZ-expressing plasmid or a shRNA plasmid targeting TAZ.
- In vitro, cell growth curves and MTT assays showed that TAZ may promote growth and viability of cervical cancer cells.
- In vivo xenograft experiments showed that TAZ may increase tumor-forming ability.
- FACS and TUNEL assays showed that TAZ inhibits apoptosis in cervical cancer cells.
- Cleaved Caspase 9 and Cleaved Caspase 3 were down-regulated by TAZ in cervical cancer cells.
Limitations: Primarily preclinical work (cell lines and mouse xenografts); no clinical intervention or patient outcome data reported.; Human tissue data are observational (IHC) and do not establish causation in patients.; Abstract does not report details or sample sizes for the in vivo (mouse) experiments or statistical measures.; Mechanistic analysis is limited to caspase cleavage; broader pathways were not delineated in the abstract..
AI summary of the abstract, human-reviewed · Sep 2026. Describes what this study reported, not medical advice. View on PubMed · Full text