ReviewInconclusiveLimited evidenceTier 4 · clinical
Therapeutic advances in medical oncology · Dec 2025 · review
epithelial ovarian cancerhigh-grade serous ovarian cancerovarian clear cell carcinomaendometrioid ovarian carcinomamucinous ovarian carcinomalow-grade serous ovarian carcinomaovarian carcinosarcoma
This review describes the main genomic subtypes of epithelial ovarian cancer and how those differences may help match patients to targeted therapies. It highlights PARP inhibitors, MAPK pathway inhibitors, cell cycle checkpoint inhibitors, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and antibody-drug conjugate approaches that are being investigated for specific ovarian cancer types. The article also notes that resistance to PARP inhibitors remains a problem and that more evidence is needed for effective combination therapies.
Key findings
- High-grade serous ovarian cancer is linked mainly to homologous recombination repair gene alterations such as BRCA1 and BRCA2.
- Ovarian clear cell carcinoma is associated with ARID1A and PIK3CA alterations; endometrioid ovarian carcinoma with PIK3CA and KRAS; mucinous ovarian carcinoma with CDKN2A and KRAS; and low-grade serous ovarian carcinoma with MAPK pathway genes such as BRAF and KRAS.
- PARP inhibitor therapy has improved survival for women with homologous recombination repair defects in high-grade serous ovarian cancer, but acquired resistance remains an issue.
- The review emphasizes that genomically targeted combination therapies are urgently needed and that some reported responses are preliminary.
Limitations: Review article only; no new experimental or clinical data presented in the abstract.; No quantitative outcomes or effect sizes are reported in the abstract.; The abstract is broad and does not provide trial-level details, sample sizes, or follow-up durations.; Some therapies discussed are preliminary and require further evidence..
The article is about ovarian cancer genomics and targeted therapies, not a single compound experiment.
AI summary of the abstract, human-reviewed · Jun 2026. Describes what this study reported, not medical advice. View on PubMed · Full text
ReviewInconclusiveLimited evidenceTier 4 · clinical
Bulletin du cancer · Mar 2020 · narrative review
germ cell tumorssex cord-stromal ovarian tumorssmall cell carcinomamalignant Brenner tumorsmucinous carcinomaclear cell carcinomalow-grade serous carcinomaovarian carcinosarcoma
This is a narrative review summarizing pathology, clinical presentation, and treatment recommendations for a selection of rare malignant ovarian tumors. The authors state these tumors are heterogeneous, comprise about 10% of ovarian tumors, and that data and treatment recommendations are limited; they note that staging follows FIGO but treatment differs for germ cell and sex cord-stromal tumors. The review is based on recent national guidelines and related important publications.
Reported effect: Proportion of ovarian tumors 10%
Key findings
- Rare malignant ovarian tumors covered include germ cell tumors, sex cord-stromal ovarian tumors, small cell carcinoma, malignant Brenner tumors, and rare epithelial tumors such as mucinous, clear cell and low-grade serous carcinomas, as well as ovarian carcinosarcoma.
- Together these rare malignant ovarian tumors comprise about 10% of all ovarian tumors.
- Because of low prevalence and heterogeneity, data and treatment recommendations for these tumors are limited.
- Although all ovarian tumors are staged according to FIGO staging of epithelial ovarian tumors, treatment differs especially for germ cell tumors and sex cord-stromal ovarian tumors.
- Non-epithelial ovarian tumors can arise from a variety of ovarian precursor cells such as germ cells, granulosa cells, theca cells, or stromal fibroblasts, reflecting divergent origins.
- The article provides a comprehensive summary of pathology, clinical presentation, and therapy recommendations for a selection of rare ovarian tumors based on the latest national guidelines and important publications.
Limitations: Narrative review: methodology for literature selection is not specified in the abstract (not necessarily systematic).; No primary new data are reported in this article (summary of existing literature and guidelines).; Conclusions are limited by the low prevalence and substantial heterogeneity of the tumors discussed.; Therapeutic recommendations are constrained by limited evidence available for these rare tumor types..
AI summary of the abstract, human-reviewed · Jun 2026. Describes what this study reported, not medical advice. View on PubMed